Cell Signaling I Flashcards
T or F: most cell signals can cross the cell membrane.
False - only a few can do this. Most act through specific cell receptors.
Name a neurotransmitter signal.
Acetyl choline
Name gases that acts as signals.
NO, CO, CO2, O2
Name lipids that can act as signals.
Prostaglandins, leukotrienes
Name nucleotides that acts as signals.
ATP, GTP
Name AAs that acts as signals.
Glutamate, epinephrine, histamine, serotonin
Name peptides that act as signals.
Ang II, vasopressin, ANP/ANF (diuretic), endorphins
Name proteins that act as signals.
Insulin, glucagon, GH
Name steroids that acts as signals.
Cortisol, thyroxin, testosterone, estrogen
Give an example of a type of cell that uses gap junctions for signaling.
Cardiac muscle cells in ventricle - allow ventricle to beat as a single unit
What is autocrine signaling?
Single cell makes both the signal and receptor
What is paracrine signaling?
Once cell makes a signal that is received by receptor on a neighboring cell
What are the hydrophobic signals that CAN cross the cell membrane and bind internal cell receptors?
(GRATSV)
Gases (CO, NO, CO2, O2), retinoic acid, thyroxin, steroids, vitamins A and D
What hormone promotes growth in cells and indicates “good times”?
Insulin
What hormone is a stress signal?
Cortisol
