Cell Signaling Flashcards
Are peptide hormones lipid or water soluble?
water soluble
they cannot cross the plasma membrane
Are steroid hormones lipid or water soluble?
lipid soluble
they travel through the blood attached to protein carriers but walk right through the plasma and nuclear membranes
What do peptide hormones use to get across the plasma membrane?
transmembrane protein receptors
What are four different types of transmembrane protein receptors?
- ligand-gated ion channels
- enzyme activity receptors
- janus kinase binders
- G-proteins
What transmembrane protein receptor is associated with MASS amplification of second messenger?
G-protein
Compared to steroid hormones, peptide hormones are _____, but last a ______ time. (think about speed and duration of signal)
faster
shorter
What is the type of receptor that we have the most of?
G protein Coupled Receptors
How many subunits does a G protein-coupled receptor contain and which one can bind GDP and GTP?
three
alpha
Are G proteins stimulatory or inhibitory?
they can be either
What is the typical second messenger for most G-protein receptors?
cAMP
Steroid hormones tend to be ______ receptor-specific compared to peptide hormones.
less
steroid hormones have a _____, but more _______ response compared to hormones binding to membrane proteins. (think about speed and duration)
slower
sustained
What are three ways you can turn off a hormone signal?
- get rid of the hormone (enzyme metabolize, messenger diffuses away)
- alter the receptor
- remove the receptor (insulin receptors)
What is the speed of amine hormones?
quick (minutes to hours as opposed to steroid hours to days)
Where are peptide and protein hormones made?
rough ER of endocrine or exocrine cell
