Cell Signaling 1 Flashcards
Where can cell signals, or inputs originate from?
Environment
Other Cells
ECM
What are a few outputs a cell can produce in response to signaling?
Proliferation
Apoptosis
Secretion
Metabolism
What do gap junctions link?
The cytoplasms of two adjacent cells
What are 3 primary functions of gap junction?
Rapid transmission of action potentials
Diffusion of metabolites
Diffusion of 2nd messangers
What type of signaling is important in immune cells?
Contact Dependent Signaling, Membrane bound signaling molecule and its matching receptor
What is the major form of cell communication in the body?
Chemical signaling
What are the layers in the chemical signaling process
Release of signal by signaling cell Transfer of signal Detection (receptor) Decoding by target Produce appropriate response
What is the term for the signal molecule itself?
Ligand
What is the common path for the neurocrine signals?
Release from nerve terminals into synaptic cleft to communicate with other neurons or non-neuronal cells
What are neurocrine ligands called?
Neurotransmitters
What is the common path for endocrine signals?
Synthesized and released from endocrine cells then transported through the blood to the target cells.
What are endocrine ligands called?
Hormones
What is the common path for paracrine signals?
Synthesized and released from endocrine cells and then travel very short distances to their target.
What are autocrine signals?
Ligands that are synthesized and released by the target cell itself.
What are hydrophobic signals?
Steroid hormones that can diffuse through the membrane and bind to an intracellular receptor
Besides steroid hormones, what is another example of signals that can diffuse through the membrane?
Nitric oxide
What is the responsibility of the receptor in cell signaling?
The detection and transmission of extracellular signals into the cell interior
What is a Tyrosine/Tryptophan derived neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine
Noradrenalin
What amino acids are crucial to neurotransmitters?
Glutamate
What are the challenges faced by cell communication?
Sensing the stimuli Getting the info across the membrane Ability to provide specific signals Processing the information Amplifying the signal for proper output
What are the four ways to describe ligand binding?
High affinity
Saturable
Reversable
Specific
What are the 3 broad classes of Ligand Receptors?
Ligand-gated (ionoreceptors)
G Protein-coupled
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
What is another way to describe an Ionoreceptor?
Ion Channel
What is the fastest class of receptor?
Ionoreceptors
