cell revision Flashcards
How many pairs of chromosomes are found inside of a typical human body cell?
23
Define chromosomes
Structure made of DNA
Define DNA
Blueprint of living organisms.
define Sub-cellular structure
Structures such as ribosomes and mitochondria
Define Cytokinesis
Splitting of the cell membrane and cytoplasm.
define division
dividing into two
What is the total number of chromosomes found inside a typical human body cell?
46
Which molecule are chromosomes made from?
DNA
Define the term ‘gene’.
Section of DNA that codes for a characteristic/
Protein.
How many chromosomes do you inherit from each parent?
23
Describe what occurs to chromosomes during the first stage of the cell cycle.
Chromosomes are duplicated.
A hamster has 22 chromosomes in a typical body cell. How many chromosomes will each cell have when they undergo the process of mitosis?
22 chromosomes.
Describe what occurs to structures such as ribosomes and mitochondria at the start of the cell cycle.
Sub-cellular structures also duplicate (double)
Describe what occurs to the cytoplasm and cell membrane at the final stage of the cell cycle.
Cytoplasm and cell membrane split to form two daughter cells (cytokinesis).
Describe what occurs during the mitosis stage of the cell cycle.
Chromosomes line up at the equator and are pulled apart to opposite ends of the nucleus.
What are the two different types of cells?
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic.
Which subcellular organelles are in most animal cells?
Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes.
What does the nucleus do?
Contains DNA and controls the cell
What does the cytoplasm do?
Cytoplasm is where chemical reaction occur.
What does the cell membrane do?
Hold the cell together
What does the mitochondria do?
Where aerobic respiration occurs
What do the ribosomes do?
Protein synthesis
Which subcellular organelles are in most plant cells but not animal cells?
vacuole, chloroplasts, and cell wall.
What does the cell wall do?
Made of cellulose and support the cell
What does the permanent vacuole do?
Contains cell sap
what do chloroplasts do?
Site of photosynthesis
What does the chlorophyll do?
Absorbs light and is found within chloroplasts.
Which kind of cells have a nucleus?
Eukaryotic cells.
What is found in both animal and plant cells?
cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus.
