Cell Review/Pressure/Fluid

Question 1

What are cells?

Answer 1

The smallest functional units of life

Question 2

Theodor Schwann reported what two theories regarding cellular function as the basis for all life.

Answer 2

1) All life functions can be traces back to the functions of individual cells
2) Individual cells use raw materials and produce results and wastes

Question 3

What is smaller than a cell?

Answer 3

Virus

Question 4

What are the 2 basic classes of cells?

Answer 4

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Question 5

What is the breakdown of prokaryotic and what is an example?

Answer 5

pro: before kary: nucleus
bacteria sponges

Question 6

What is the breakdown of eukaryotic and what is an example?

Answer 6

eu: good/time kary: nucleus
have cell membrane cytoplasm

Question 7

What is a eukaryotic cell broken into (3)?

Answer 7

nucleus
cytoplasm
cell membrane

Question 8

What is cytoplasm broken into (2)?

Answer 8

Inclusions and Organelles

Question 9

What are inclusions?

Answer 9

glycogen granules
lipid droplets

Question 10

what are the two classes of organelles?

Answer 10

non-membrane
membrane

Question 11

What is part of the non-membrane class(2)?

Answer 11

cytoskeleton
ribosomes

Question 12

what is part of the membrane class? (4)

Answer 12

ER
mitochondria
lysosomes
golgi apparatus

Question 13

What is nucleus function (2)?

Answer 13

1) Maintain hereditary continuity of the organism
2) Direct cell function through control of protein synthesis

Question 14

What mediates all physiological change?

Answer 14

proteins

Question 15

What 4 things are in the nucleus?

Answer 15

1) Chromatin
2) Histones
3) Enzymes
4) Nucleolus

Question 16

What is chromatin and what are the 2 types?

Answer 16

chromatin is stored in spiral double helix strand
Heterochromatin
Euchromatin

Question 17

What does heterochromatin look like

Answer 17

darker color, denser

Question 18

what does euchromatin do

Answer 18

actively being transcribed, used to code proteins.

Question 19

What do histones do?

Answer 19

Spool like structure
Most conserved of all animal proteins (most similar across all species)
Hold and protects DNA

Question 20

What do enzymes do in nucleus?

Answer 20

RNA and DNA synthesis

Question 21

What does Nucleolus do?

Answer 21

site for RNA synthesis

Question 22

What do glycogen granules do?

Answer 22

animal starch, storage, molecules used to store carbs

Question 23

What do lipid droplets do?

Answer 23

storage form of fat
triglycerides
high concentration of lipid droplets at adipose tissue-protection

Question 24

What do lysosomes do (3)

Answer 24

package of catabolic enzymes (breaking down)
1) Nutrient processing
2) cell component recycling
3) Programmed cell death (apoptosis)

Question 25

What does mitochondria do?

Answer 25

powerhouse of the cell which produces ATP (energy)

Question 26

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 26

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 27

What are all mitochondrion derived from?

Answer 27

maternal

Question 28

What are the 2 types of ER (endoplasmic reticulum)

Answer 28

smooth ER rough ER

Question 29

what does smooth ER do?

Answer 29

make non protein molecules ex: CHO, lipids, steroids

Question 30

what does rough ER do?

Answer 30

make proteins with ribosomes

Question 31

what does golgi apparatus do?

Answer 31

perform finishing steps for making molecules

Question 32

How does golgi apparatus do its job?

Answer 32

receives transport vesicles from rough ER more specifically it receives half-finished molecules, finishes the molecule and places finished proteins in secretory vesicles and then exports it

Question 33

What do ribosomes do?

Answer 33

synthesize proteins by translating mRNA which make polypeptide chain

Question 34

what are the 2 locations that ribosomes will be found?

Answer 34

on rough ER free floating in cytoplasm

Question 35

what are the 4 purposed of cytoskeleton

Answer 35

cellular strength/ structural integrity hold organelle in place transport material within cell link cells to each other

Question 36

How is pressure expressed?

Answer 36

height of mercury or H2O Colom based on vacuum

Question 37

What percent is intracellular fluid?

Answer 37

65%

Question 38

what percent is extracellular fluid?

Answer 38

35%

Question 39

Within extracellular fluid which percent is plasma and which percent is interstitial fluid?

Answer 39

plasma- 255 interstitial fluid- 75%

Question 40

how many cells in human body

Answer 40

37 trillion

Question 41

what is hypotonic

Answer 41

low solute density

Question 42

what is isotonic

Answer 42

same solute density

Question 43

what is hypertonic

Answer 43

high solute density

Question 44

what is the osmolarity of blood?

Answer 44

308 mOsm/L

Question 45

what would happen to a grape in isotonic?

Answer 45

normal

Question 46

what would happen to grape in hypotonic?

Answer 46

swell and burst

Question 47

what would happen to grape in hypertonic?

Answer 47

shrivel up

Question 48

define osmosis

Answer 48

movement of water across a semipermiable membrane

Question 49

define osmolarity

Answer 49

concentration of ions in a solution

Question 50

define semipermiable

Answer 50

something will pass

Question 51

define permiable

Answer 51

anything will pass

Question 52

define impermeable

Answer 52

nothing passes