Cell Review/Pressure/Fluid Flashcards
What are cells?
The smallest functional units of life
Theodor Schwann reported what two theories regarding cellular function as the basis for all life.
1) All life functions can be traces back to the functions of individual cells
2) Individual cells use raw materials and produce results and wastes
What is smaller than a cell?
Virus
What are the 2 basic classes of cells?
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
What is the breakdown of prokaryotic and what is an example?
pro: before kary: nucleus
bacteria sponges
What is the breakdown of eukaryotic and what is an example?
eu: good/time kary: nucleus
have cell membrane cytoplasm
What is a eukaryotic cell broken into (3)?
nucleus
cytoplasm
cell membrane
What is cytoplasm broken into (2)?
Inclusions and Organelles
What are inclusions?
glycogen granules
lipid droplets
what are the two classes of organelles?
non-membrane
membrane
What is part of the non-membrane class(2)?
cytoskeleton
ribosomes
what is part of the membrane class? (4)
ER
mitochondria
lysosomes
golgi apparatus
What is nucleus function (2)?
1) Maintain hereditary continuity of the organism
2) Direct cell function through control of protein synthesis
What mediates all physiological change?
proteins
What 4 things are in the nucleus?
1) Chromatin
2) Histones
3) Enzymes
4) Nucleolus
What is chromatin and what are the 2 types?
chromatin is stored in spiral double helix strand
Heterochromatin
Euchromatin
What does heterochromatin look like
darker color, denser
what does euchromatin do
actively being transcribed, used to code proteins.
What do histones do?
Spool like structure
Most conserved of all animal proteins (most similar across all species)
Hold and protects DNA
What do enzymes do in nucleus?
RNA and DNA synthesis
What does Nucleolus do?
site for RNA synthesis
What do glycogen granules do?
animal starch, storage, molecules used to store carbs
What do lipid droplets do?
storage form of fat
triglycerides
high concentration of lipid droplets at adipose tissue-protection
What do lysosomes do (3)
package of catabolic enzymes (breaking down)
1) Nutrient processing
2) cell component recycling
3) Programmed cell death (apoptosis)
What does mitochondria do?
powerhouse of the cell which produces ATP (energy)
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate
What are all mitochondrion derived from?
maternal
What are the 2 types of ER (endoplasmic reticulum)
smooth ER
rough ER
what does smooth ER do?
make non protein molecules
ex: CHO, lipids, steroids
what does rough ER do?
make proteins with ribosomes
what does golgi apparatus do?
perform finishing steps for making molecules
How does golgi apparatus do its job?
receives transport vesicles from rough ER
more specifically it receives half-finished molecules, finishes the molecule and places finished proteins in secretory vesicles and then exports it
What do ribosomes do?
synthesize proteins by translating mRNA which make polypeptide chain
what are the 2 locations that ribosomes will be found?
on rough ER
free floating in cytoplasm
what are the 4 purposed of cytoskeleton
cellular strength/ structural integrity
hold organelle in place
transport material within cell
link cells to each other
How is pressure expressed?
height of mercury or H2O Colom based on vacuum
What percent is intracellular fluid?
65%
what percent is extracellular fluid?
35%
Within extracellular fluid which percent is plasma and which percent is interstitial fluid?
plasma- 255
interstitial fluid- 75%
how many cells in human body
37 trillion
what is hypotonic
low solute density
what is isotonic
same solute density
what is hypertonic
high solute density
what is the osmolarity of blood?
308 mOsm/L
what would happen to a grape in isotonic?
normal
what would happen to grape in hypotonic?
swell and burst
what would happen to grape in hypertonic?
shrivel up
define osmosis
movement of water across a semipermiable membrane
define osmolarity
concentration of ions in a solution
define semipermiable
something will pass
define permiable
anything will pass
define impermeable
nothing passes
