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Animal Physiology > Cell Review/Pressure/Fluid > Flashcards

Cell Review/Pressure/Fluid Flashcards

1
Q

What are cells?

A

The smallest functional units of life

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2
Q

Theodor Schwann reported what two theories regarding cellular function as the basis for all life.

A

1) All life functions can be traces back to the functions of individual cells
2) Individual cells use raw materials and produce results and wastes

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3
Q

What is smaller than a cell?

A

Virus

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4
Q

What are the 2 basic classes of cells?

A

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

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5
Q

What is the breakdown of prokaryotic and what is an example?

A

pro: before kary: nucleus
bacteria sponges

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6
Q

What is the breakdown of eukaryotic and what is an example?

A

eu: good/time kary: nucleus
have cell membrane cytoplasm

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7
Q

What is a eukaryotic cell broken into (3)?

A

nucleus
cytoplasm
cell membrane

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8
Q

What is cytoplasm broken into (2)?

A

Inclusions and Organelles

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9
Q

What are inclusions?

A

glycogen granules
lipid droplets

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10
Q

what are the two classes of organelles?

A

non-membrane
membrane

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11
Q

What is part of the non-membrane class(2)?

A

cytoskeleton
ribosomes

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12
Q

what is part of the membrane class? (4)

A

ER
mitochondria
lysosomes
golgi apparatus

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13
Q

What is nucleus function (2)?

A

1) Maintain hereditary continuity of the organism
2) Direct cell function through control of protein synthesis

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14
Q

What mediates all physiological change?

A

proteins

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15
Q

What 4 things are in the nucleus?

A

1) Chromatin
2) Histones
3) Enzymes
4) Nucleolus

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16
Q

What is chromatin and what are the 2 types?

A

chromatin is stored in spiral double helix strand
Heterochromatin
Euchromatin

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17
Q

What does heterochromatin look like

A

darker color, denser

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18
Q

what does euchromatin do

A

actively being transcribed, used to code proteins.

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19
Q

What do histones do?

A

Spool like structure
Most conserved of all animal proteins (most similar across all species)
Hold and protects DNA

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20
Q

What do enzymes do in nucleus?

A

RNA and DNA synthesis

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21
Q

What does Nucleolus do?

A

site for RNA synthesis

22
Q

What do glycogen granules do?

A

animal starch, storage, molecules used to store carbs

23
Q

What do lipid droplets do?

A

storage form of fat
triglycerides
high concentration of lipid droplets at adipose tissue-protection

24
Q

What do lysosomes do (3)

A

package of catabolic enzymes (breaking down)
1) Nutrient processing
2) cell component recycling
3) Programmed cell death (apoptosis)

25
Q

What does mitochondria do?

A

powerhouse of the cell which produces ATP (energy)

26
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

27
Q

What are all mitochondrion derived from?

A

maternal

28
Q

What are the 2 types of ER (endoplasmic reticulum)

A

smooth ER
rough ER

29
Q

what does smooth ER do?

A

make non protein molecules
ex: CHO, lipids, steroids

30
Q

what does rough ER do?

A

make proteins with ribosomes

31
Q

what does golgi apparatus do?

A

perform finishing steps for making molecules

32
Q

How does golgi apparatus do its job?

A

receives transport vesicles from rough ER
more specifically it receives half-finished molecules, finishes the molecule and places finished proteins in secretory vesicles and then exports it

33
Q

What do ribosomes do?

A

synthesize proteins by translating mRNA which make polypeptide chain

34
Q

what are the 2 locations that ribosomes will be found?

A

on rough ER
free floating in cytoplasm

35
Q

what are the 4 purposed of cytoskeleton

A

cellular strength/ structural integrity
hold organelle in place
transport material within cell
link cells to each other

36
Q

How is pressure expressed?

A

height of mercury or H2O Colom based on vacuum

37
Q

What percent is intracellular fluid?

A

65%

38
Q

what percent is extracellular fluid?

A

35%

39
Q

Within extracellular fluid which percent is plasma and which percent is interstitial fluid?

A

plasma- 255
interstitial fluid- 75%

40
Q

how many cells in human body

A

37 trillion

41
Q

what is hypotonic

A

low solute density

42
Q

what is isotonic

A

same solute density

43
Q

what is hypertonic

A

high solute density

44
Q

what is the osmolarity of blood?

A

308 mOsm/L

45
Q

what would happen to a grape in isotonic?

A

normal

46
Q

what would happen to grape in hypotonic?

A

swell and burst

47
Q

what would happen to grape in hypertonic?

A

shrivel up

48
Q

define osmosis

A

movement of water across a semipermiable membrane

49
Q

define osmolarity

A

concentration of ions in a solution

50
Q

define semipermiable

A

something will pass

51
Q

define permiable

A

anything will pass

52
Q

define impermeable

A

nothing passes

Animal Physiology (7 decks)

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