Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Radiation Biology > Cell Review > Flashcards

Cell Review Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Basic unit of structure and function of all living things?

A

Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Enumerate the basic fundamental actions for life?

A

Metabolism
Repair
Reproduction
Irritability
Growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many cells does the human body have?

A

60-100 Trillion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A collection of similar cells that work together in performing particular functions?

A

Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Combination of 2 or more tissues performing a specific function?

A

Organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Organs that have a similar to related function to one another?

A

Body system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Enumerate the 4 most important chemicals that make up the body?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many percent of oxygen makes up the body?

A

65%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many percent of carbon makes up the body?

A

18.60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many percent of hydrogen makes up the body?

A

9.7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How may percent of nitrogen makes up the body?

A

3.20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many percent of calcium makes up the body?

A

1.80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many percent of phosphorus makes up the body?

A

1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many percent of potassium makes up the body?

A

0.40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many percent of sodium makes up the body?

A

0.20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many percent of Chlorine makes up the body?

A

0.20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How many percent of magnesium makes up the body?

A

0.06%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How many percent of sulfur makes up the body?

A

0.04%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How many percent of iron makes up the body?

A

0.01%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How many percent of the iron makes up the body?

A

0.00%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Most important element in the human body?

A

Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Found in every organic molecule in the body?

A

Carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Found in all water molecules of te body as well as many other compounds making up the various tissues?

A

Hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Chemical that is commonommon in proteins and organic compounds?

A

Nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Is the primary component of the skeletal system, including the teeth, also found in the nervous system, muscles and blood?

A

Calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Chemical that is common in bones, theeeth as well as nucleic acids?

A

Phosphorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Chemical found in muscles, nerves and certain tissues?

A

Potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Excreted in sweat but is also found in muscles and nerves?

A

Sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Present in the skin and facilitates water absorption by the cells?

A

Chlorine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Serves as a cofactor for various enzymes in the body?

A

Magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Present in many amino acids and proteins?

A

Sulfur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Found mostly in the blood sinve it facilitates the transport of oxygen?

A

Iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Found in certain hormones in the thyroid gland?

A

Iodine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Cells that store nutrients?

A

Fat cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Cells that fight disease?

A

Macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Cells that gather information and controls body function?

A

Nerve cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Cells of reproduction?

A

Sperm and Egg cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Cells that move organs and body parts?

A

Skeletal cells
Smooth muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Cells that connect body parts, form linings or transport gases?

A

Fibroblasts
Erythrocytes
Epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Structure that surrounds a cell maintaining the consistency of the internal environment and protecting it from the external environment?

A

Cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

The cell membrane is also known as what?

A

Plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Means having a tendency to mix with, dissolve in or be wetted by water?

A

Hydrophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Literally means water fearing, and it describes the sgregation and apparent repulsion between water and non polar substances?

A

Hydrophobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Fat based molecules that make up the cell membrane, which physically prevent water loving substances from entering or escaping the cell?

A

Phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Four actions of membrane proteins?

A

Channel Proteins
Transport Proteins
Adhesion Proteins
Receptor Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Allows hydrophilic substances to enter the cell through a passageway?

A

Channel Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Transfers substances across the membrane due to spending energy?

A

Transport Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Alternative name for Transport Proteins?

A

Active Transport Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Attaches cells to neighboring cells or acts as anchors so that they can function as a unit?

A

Adhesion proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Provides the binding site for enzymes or hormones?

A

Receptor proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Fluid where the cellular organelles are suspend, fills the occupied by the organelles?

A

Cytoplasm

52
Q

Used to collective describe the total fluid content of the cytoplasm and the nucleus?

A

Protoplasm

53
Q

Contains molecules such as enzymes which are responsible for breaking down waste and also aid in metabolic activity, responsible for giving the cell its shape and makes it easy for materials to pass through to other organelles?

A

Cytoplasm

54
Q

Inner mass of the cytoplasm?

A

Endoplasm

55
Q

Outer clear layer of the cytoplasm?

A

Ectoplasm

56
Q

Main components of the cytoplasm?

A

Water
Salts
Proteins

57
Q

Constituents of the cytoplasm?

A

Cytosol
Organelles

58
Q

Makes up about 70% of a cells volume?

A

Cytosol

59
Q

Means little organs that are membrane bound with specific functions that are necessary for the survival of the cell?

A

Organelles

60
Q

Site of protein synthesis, it is attached to the ER or is free in the cytoplasm?

A

Ribosomes

61
Q

Proteins synthesized from free ribosomes create?

A

Enzymes

62
Q

Proteins synthesized from attached ribosomes?

A

Used within the cell

63
Q

Known as the powerhouse of the cell?

A

Mitochondria

64
Q

Chemical energy of the cell that powers metabolic activities?

A

Mitochondria

65
Q

Irregular network of branching and connecting tubules which channel proteins and lipids in and out of the nucleus?

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

66
Q

Forms the cytoplasmic skeleton?

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

67
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes?

A

Rough ER

68
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes?

A

Smooth ER

69
Q

Organelle which digests waste materials and food within the cells, breaking down molcules into their base components with strong digestive enzymes?

A

Lysosomes

70
Q

Membranous structure composed of stacks of thin sacks which is the site of carbohydrate synthesis and binding of organic compounds for the cell?

A

Golgi complex

71
Q

Serves as storage, modification, and packaging of secratory products through vesicles?

A

Golgi Complex

72
Q

Houses the cells DNA?

A

Nucleus

73
Q

Rounded body attached to the nuclear membrane containing much of the RNA for ribosome formation?

A

Nucleolus

74
Q

Colloidal suspension of nuclear materials?

A

Nucleoplasm

75
Q

Contains the genetic material in the nucleus?

A

Chromosomes

76
Q

Dark stained linear bodies which houses the DNA?

A

Chromosomes

77
Q

Clear region necessary for chromosome movement?

A

Centromere

78
Q

Extensions of chromosomes in either side of the cell?

A

Arms

79
Q

Cells that have two sets of chromosomes?

A

Diploid cells

80
Q

Cells that have one set of chromosomes?

A

Haploid cells

81
Q

Basic physical and functional unit of heredity?

A

Genes

82
Q

Typical size of DNA in humans?

A

Roughly 2 million bases

83
Q

Macromolecules that make up genes?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

84
Q

Double helix formed by basepairs, attached to a sugary phosphate backbone?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

85
Q

Usually lack carbon and are structurally simple. Includes water, salts, acids and bases?

A

Inorganic molecules

86
Q

Most important and abundant inorganic molecule?

A

Water

87
Q

Sources of acids and bases in the body?

A

Metabolism
Nutrients

88
Q

Two reactions of acids and bases in the body?

A

Metabolic conversion
Excretion

89
Q

Maintains proper osmotic pressure and prevents cell death by swelling and collapsing?

A

Salts

90
Q

Major constitutient molecule in all living organisms, based on carbon.

A

Organic compounds

91
Q

Supply energy for cell processes, means of storing energy, give structural support to cell walls?

A

Carbohydrates

92
Q

Enumerate the types of organic compounds found in the body?

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleis acids
ATP

93
Q

Store large amounts of energy over a long period of time, acts as an energy source, plays a major role in the structure of cell membranes and acts as a source of metabolic water?

A

Lipids

94
Q

Acts as the building blocks of many structural components of the cell required for growth, forms enzymes which catalyse chemical reactions and forms hormones that control growth and metabolism?

A

Proteins

95
Q

Acts as a catalyst for chemical reactions?

A

Enzymes

96
Q

Acts as a growth and metabolism regulator?

A

Hormones

97
Q

Important for protein synthesis as RNA and in heredity as DNA?

A

Nucleic acids

98
Q

Enumerate the building blocks of nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotide
Pentose Sugar
Nitrogenous Base
Phosphoric Acid

99
Q

Two classifications of nucleic acids?

A

Purines
Pyrimidines

100
Q

Describes all the chemical reactions involved in maintaining life in cells and the organism?

A

Metabolism

101
Q

Enumerate the two metabolic reactions?

A

Catabolism
Anabolism

102
Q

Breakdown reaction to obtain energy?

A

Catabolism

103
Q

Synthesis reaction needed to create compounds in a cell?

A

Anabolism

104
Q

Division in somatic cels producing two daughter cells with the same quantity and quality of chromosomes as the parent cell?

A

Mitosis

105
Q

Enumerate the six stages of mitosis?

A

Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

106
Q

Resting or non mitotic portion of the cell comprised of the G1, S, and G2 stages?

A

Interphase

107
Q

Phase in interphase where proteins are replicated?

A

Synthesis

108
Q

First stage of mitosis where chromosomes begin to condense and become visible, centrioles form and move towards opposite ends of the cell?

A

Prophase

109
Q

Nuclear membrane dissolves, mitotic spindles form attaching to each sister chromatid?

A

Prophase

110
Q

Centrioles complete their migration to the poles and line up in the middle of the cell?

A

Metaphase

111
Q

Spindles attached to the kinetechores begin to shordel pulling the chromatid to opposite poles, ensuring that identical sets of chromosomes are present?

A

Anaphase

112
Q

Chromosomes decondense, nuclear envelope forms, and cytokinesis happens?

A

Telophase

113
Q

Sex cell division, producing four grand daughter cells with haploid number of chromosomes as parent cells?

A

Meiosis

114
Q

Alternative name for meiosis?

A

Reduction division

115
Q

Enumearate the 4 types of lipids?

A

Fatty acids
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Steroids

116
Q

Simplest lipid used in synthesis of triglycerides and phospholipids?

A

Fatty acids

117
Q

Consists of single glycerol molecules and three fatty acid molecules, used for protection, insulation, and storage?

A

Triglycerides

118
Q

Major lipid component of cell membranes?

A

Phospholipids

119
Q

Consists of 4 rings of carbon?

A

Steroids

120
Q

Enumerate the types of proteins?

A

Structural
Regulatory
Contractile
Immunological
Transport
Catalytic

121
Q

Type of protein which provides the structural framework?

A

Structural protein

122
Q

Type of protein which provides hormones?

A

Regulatory proteins

123
Q

Type of protein which produces movement?

A

Contractile Proteins

124
Q

Type of proteins which protect the body against infection?

A

Immunological Proteins

125
Q

Type of proteins which carry vital substances?

A

Transport Proteins

126
Q

Type of proteins which speed up chemical reactions?

A

Catalytic Proteins

Radiation Biology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions