Cell Respiration Flashcards
Inputs of glycolysis
2 ATP, ADP, Glucose, 2 Nad+
Outputs of glycolysis
4 atp, 2 pyruvates, 2 NADH
Inputs of Pyruvate Processing
2 pyruvates, 2 coenzyme A, 2 Nad+
Outputs of pyruvate processing
CO2, 2 NADH, 2 Acetyl CoA
Where does pyruvate processing occur?
Matrix of mitochondria
What are the inhibitors of pyruvate processing
Atp, NADh, acetyl CoA
Inputs of citric acid cycle
2 Acetyl CoA, ADP, NAD+, FAD+
Outputs of citric acid cycle
6 NADH, 4 CO2, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP
Where does the citric acid cycle occur
Matrix of mitochondria
Inhibitors of the citric acid cycle
ATP, NADH
Inputs of electron transport chain
10 NADH, 2 FADH2, ADP, O2
Outputs of ETC
34 ATP, H2O, NAD+, FAD+
Where does the ETC occur?
Inner membrane
What are the steps of glycolysis?
Investment phase: ATP is inputed to phosphorylize glucose
Payoff Phase: Glucose is broken up and ATP is released
What are the steps of pyruvate processing?
Pyruvates are turned into molecules of acetyl-CoA, which releases CO2. Acetyl CoA will then enter the citric acid cycle where it will undergo more reactions to extract energy from glucose.
What are the steps of the citric acid cycle?
Acetyl CoA forms a six-carbon citrate which then undergoes reactions that release NADH, FADH2, and ATP.
What are the steps of the ETC?
Electrons are passed from NADH and FADH2 are passed along a series of protein complexes which releases energy. H+ is pumped, making a concentration gradient.
What is substrate level phosphorylation?
This occurs when a phosphate from a phoshphorylated molecule directly goes to ADP, making ATP. It doesn’t need chemiosmosis to occur.
What is oxidative phosphorylation?
this occurs when ATP is made through the transfer of electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen. This requires the ETC. It requires the reduction of oxygen.
What are the inputs of anaerobic respiration?
The inputs are glucose and ADP
What are the outputs of anaerobic respiration?
Ethanol (in yeast) Lactic acid (in animals), ATP, and CO2
What are the inputs of fermentation, and when does it occur?
Glucose, ADP, and NADH. It occurs when there are microorganisms that benefit from fermentation.
What are the outputs of fermentation?
Ethanol, CO2, and ATP
