Cell respiration

Question 1

Cell respiration

Answer 1

Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds to produce ATP

Question 2

Organic compound used for cell respiration

Answer 2

The main organic compound used for this process is carbohydrates (glucose), although lipids and proteins can also be digested

Question 3

two main types of cell respiration

Answer 3

1) Anaerobic respiration - involves the partial breakdown of glucose in the cytosol for a small yield of ATP
2) Aerobic respiration - utilises oxygen to completely break down glucose in the mitochondria for a larger ATP yield

Question 4

Cell respiration equation

Answer 4

Glucose (C6H12O6) + Oxygen (6O2) = Carbon dioxide (6CO2) + water (6H2o) + Energy (ATP)

Question 5

Atp to cell

Answer 5

ATP from cell respiration is immediately available as a source od energy in the cell

Question 6

ATP and ADP

Answer 6

When ATP is hydrolysed (to form ADP + Pi) the energy stored in the phophate bond is released to be used by the cell
Cell respiration uses energy stored in organic molecules to regenerate ATP from ADP + Pi (via oxidation)

Question 7

Glycolysis

Answer 7

Both anaerobic and aerobic respiration pathways begin with the anaerobic breakdown of glucose in the cytosol by glycolysis. Glycolysis breaks down glucose (6-C) into two molecules of pyruvate and also produces:
- Hydrogen carriers from an oxidised precursor
- a small yield of ATP

Question 8

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 8

Anaerobic respiration proceeds in the absence of oxygen and does not result in the production of any further ATP molecules.
Animals: pyruvate is converted into lactic acid (or lactate)
Plants and yeast: pyruvate is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide

Question 9

Purpose of Anaerobic respiration

Answer 9

Purpose is to restore stocks of NAD+ as this molecule is needed for glycolysis

Question 10

Lactate production

Answer 10

Lactate production in humans is when anaerobic respiration is used to maximise the power of muscle contractions

Question 11

Muscle contractions

Answer 11

Muscle contractions require the expenditure of high amounts of energy and thus require high levels of ATP

Question 12

why do we need anaerobic ?

Answer 12

when exercising at high intensity, we exceed what the body is capable in supplying (levels of o2). Hence the body will begin breaking down glucose anaerobically to maximise ATP production

Question 13

outcome of Lactic acid

Answer 13

the production of lactic acid leads to muscle fatigue. When stopping the exercise oxygen levels will increase and lactate will be converted back into pyruvate

Question 14

What can undergo Anaerobic respiration

Answer 14

carbohydrates

Question 15

Aerobic cell respiration

Answer 15

Aerobic cell respiration requires the presence of oxygen and takes place within the mitochondrion

Question 16

Process of Aerobic cell respiration

Answer 16

Pyruvate is broken down into carbon dioxide and water and a large amount of ATP is produced.
Aerobic respiration consist of the link reaction, citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain

Question 17

Fermentation result production (Anaerobic respiration)

Answer 17

Results in the production of ethanol and carbon dioxide, which can be used In food processing:
- Bread
- Alcohol