Cell regulation Day 1 ( general concepts molecular biology, cell cycle and DNA repair, cytoskeletons and adhesions)

Question 1

Describe the three hypothesis on DNA replication

Question 2

Describe Meselson and Stahl experiment on Nitrogens

Question 3

Which are the purines and which the pyridines in DNA?

Question 4

From DNA to RNA is called? and from RNA to proteins is called?

Question 5

how do we create the leading strand? name all the enzymes involved in the process

Question 6

How does the 3’ to 5’ strand differ in its duplication? name all the enzymes involved

Question 7

name the three steps in the transcription process

Question 8

what is the primer mRNA? does it need to go under changes? If so, what would you change?

Question 9

What happens in the translation processes? and where does it happen?

Question 10

try to describe the hydrophobic amino acids

Question 11

describe the polar amino acid

Question 12

describe the polar charged amino acid

Question 13

What gives a protein its function?

Question 14

what is the difference between motifs and domains?

Question 15

Do all genes get expressed?

Question 16

describe the Operon model, how does the Lac-Operon work?

Question 17

what does the c-value paradox say?

Question 18

what are non-coding mRNA? can you name them and describe?

Question 19

name two epigenetic marks

Question 20

Describe the whole cell cycle, with all the divisions inside

Question 21

What did the Nuclear fusion experiment do?

Question 22

How did they discover cyclins?

Question 23

What do cyclins do? who do they get active?

Question 24

name all the cyclin and CDKs involved in the cell cycle and their role

Question 25

Who are the two processes that control the expression of cyclins?

Question 26

name the three ‘factors’ involved in controlling the transition of a cell from G1 phase to s-phase

Question 27

describe the cellular checkpoints: 1) sensors, 2) effectors, 3) traductors, 4) cell growth checkpoints, 5) DNA synthesis check point, 6) mitosis check point

Question 28

What is the centrosome ? what is it made off?

Question 29

what are the functions of a cytoskeleton?

Question 30

describe the two types of cytoskeleton ( stable cytoskeleton and dynamic cytoskeleton)

Question 31

Do you need all three types of cytoskeleton in the mitosis? if so, in what are they involved?

Question 32

What are the microfilaments made off? what is their motor protein? Are they polar?

Question 33

What is the steady state of the microfilaments? and what is the tread milling effect?

Question 34

In vitro microfilaments time-life is of 30 min while in vivo is just 30 sec, can you tell me the reason of this?

Question 35

Actin binds to ATP or GTP?

Question 36

Is the tail or the head of the myosin that binds to the cargo?

Question 37

ATP-G Active are added faster at the plus or minus end?

Question 38

How does active work?

Answer 38

Hidrolyses ATP into ADP

Question 39

How does the myosin move? From plus to minus or from minus to plus?

Question 40

How are class I and II of myosin? processive or non ì-processive? what does it mean?

Question 41

Describe how does the processive mechanism of myosin work

Answer 41

describe pic at pag 10

Question 42

How does Myosin II in muscle cell work?

Question 43

How does a cell move? what are the lamellipodia filaments? describe the whole movement

Question 44

What are the rhoGTPases?

Question 45

What are the building blocks of the microtubules?

Question 46

Are microtubules dynamic?

Question 47

What are the motor proteins of them?

Question 48

Are microtubules stable or unstable?

Question 49

Where are microtubules assembled?

Answer 49

MTOC center: centrosome

Question 50

Intermediate filaments are polar? dynamic? do they have a motor protein?

Question 51

Two types of intermediate filaments:

Answer 51

Nuclear filaments
cytokeratin filaments

Question 52

Try to reconstruct the graph in pag 13

Question 53

What are the adhesive structures?

Answer 53

how cells connect to each other

Question 54

get the image at pag 14 and without looking name me all the junctions and what are they used for

Question 55

What types of proteins are used to form junctions?

Answer 55

cadherins
immuloglobins
integrin
selection

Question 56

describe the epithelial cells ( they have particular features)

Answer 56

strong cell-cell adhesion
typical non motile
apical specialisation
attached to the basal membrane

Question 57

What are the adhesion junctions important for?

Answer 57

• morphogenesis
• diseases

Question 58

Cadherines are used to form which types of junctions? and integrins?

Question 59

selectine binds to what?

Answer 59

glycoproteins and glycolipids