Cell recognition/immune responses

Question 1

what is a pathogen

Answer 1

An organism which causes disease.

Question 2

How do pathogens cause disease

Answer 2

By damaging tissues and cells

By producing toxins

Question 3

what are the characteristics of a non-specific immune defence

Answer 3

The same for all pathogens

Response is immediate.

Question 4

What are the characteristics of a specific immune defence

Answer 4

Specific to all pathogens

slower response

Question 5

the order of the lines of defence

Answer 5

Physical barrier (skin, stomach acid,epithelial muscles)
Phagocytes
Cellular response (T lymphocytes)
Humoral response (B lymphocytes)

Question 6

definition of an antigen

Answer 6

a molecule/protein with a specific tertiary structure(shape).
found on the surface of cells
stimulates an immune response

Question 7

what are antigens that are not found in the host organism referred to as

Answer 7

non-self or foreign

Question 8

what do antigens enable the immune system to identify

Answer 8

pathogens
cells from other organisms of the same species
toxins
abnormal body cells

Question 9

what is a toxin

Answer 9

molecules released by pathogens - antigens themselves

Question 10

definition of phagocytosis

Answer 10

a non-specific immune response in which white blood cells called phagocytes engulf and destroy the pathogen.

Question 11

what is an example of a large phagocyte

Answer 11

macrophage