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Biology > Cell Quiz- Study > Flashcards

Cell Quiz- Study Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What makes up all living things?

A

Cells

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2
Q

Cells

A

Basic unit of life

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3
Q

Robert Hooke

A

Discovered cells while observing a cork under a microscope

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4
Q

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

A

Pond water (living cells)

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5
Q

Robert Brown

A

Named the nucleus

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6
Q

Matthias Schleiden

A

Discovered all plants are made of cells

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7
Q

Theodor Schwann

A

Discovered all animals are made of cells

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8
Q

Rudolph Virchow

A

Discovered all cells come from other cells

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9
Q

Cell Theory

A
  1. All living things are composed of cells
  2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function for all living things
  3. New cells are produced from existing cells
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10
Q

What are the two types of cells?

A

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

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11
Q

Characteristics of Prokaryotes

A

Small and most primitive
Unicellular
All have cell walls and cell membranes

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12
Q

More characteristics of Prokaryotes

A

Contain DNA, ribosomes, and cytoplasm
No nucleus or membrane bound organelles
Have nucleoid and plasmid
Divide by binary fission

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13
Q

Example of a Prokaryotic cell

A

Bacteria

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14
Q

(Before Nucleus)

A

Prokaryotic

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15
Q

Characteristics of a Eukaryote

A

Have a true nucleus
Have membrane bound organelles
All have cell membranes
May have cell walls

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16
Q

More characteristics of Eukaryotes

A

Can be unicellular or multicellular
More evolved cells
Some have cilia

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17
Q

Examples of Eukaryotes

A

Plants, animals, fungi, protists (no bacteria)

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18
Q

Animal cells shapes

A

Can have all kinds of shapes

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19
Q

What do animal cells contain?

A

DNA, cytoplasm, ribosomes, cytoskeleton, cell apparatus, nucleus, nucleolus, and smooth & rough ER, centrioles, and lots of lysosomes

20
Q

What is the shape of a plant cell?

A

Usually body or square shaped

21
Q

What do plant cells contain?

A

DNA, cytoplasm, ribosomes, cytoskeleton, cell membrane, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, nucleus, nucleolus, and smooth & rough ER
Contain cell walls
Chloroplasts, central vacuoles

22
Q

What are the differences of animal and plant cells?

A

Plants contain cell walls, chloroplasts, central vacuoles, while animal cells do not. Animal cells can be any kind of shape, while plant cells are usually a boxy shape. Animal cells also have centrioles and lots of lysosomes and plant cells do not.

23
Q

Cell membrane

A

Function: protects cells, controls what enters and leaves the body of the cell
Composed of: phospholipid bilayer, proteins, and carbohydrates

24
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Network of proteins that form long threads or fibers that crisscross the cell

25
Q

Microtubules (within the cytoskeleton)

A

Give cell shape and movement of organelles

26
Q

Functions of Cytoskeleton

A

Form cilia and flagella in some cells
Form spindle fibers during cell division
Made up of protein actin

27
Q

Intermediate filaments (within the cytoskeleton)

A

Cell strength

28
Q

Microfilaments (within cytoskeleton)

A

Long thing filaments that enable cells to move and divide, help muscle cells contract and relax

29
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Fills space between the nucleus and the cell membrane
Fluid portion called cytosol and consist mostly of water
Sure of chemical reactions and location of organelles

30
Q

Nucleus

A

Storehouse of genetic info or DNA
Composed of: DNA enclosed in a double membrane called nuclear envelope, has pores (holes) to allow large molecules to pass between nucleus and cytoplasm
Contains nucleolus (where ribosomes are assembled)

31
Q

Nuclear structure

A

Chromatin, Chromosomes, Nucleolus, nuclear envelope

32
Q

Chromatin

A

Granular material within the nucleus consisting of DNA bound to proteins

33
Q

Chromosomes

A

Condensed chromatin that forms during cell division- carries genetic info

34
Q

Nucleolus

A

Small, dense regions where the assembly of ribosomes begin

35
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

Double membrane layer that surrounds the nucleus

36
Q

Ribosomes

A

Function: link amino acids together to form proteins (protein synthesis), made up of proteins and RNA
Some ribosomes are found to the Rough ER others in cytoplasm

37
Q

ER

A

Interconnected network of thin folded membranes

38
Q

Rough ER

A

Studded with ribosomes and responsible for protein assembly

39
Q

Smooth ER

A

Responsible for lipid assembly, breaks down drugs and alcohol

40
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Function: process (attach carbs and lipids to proteins) sort and deliver proteins
UPS of the cell

41
Q

Vacuoles

A

(Like storage garage)
Fluid filled sacs used for storage of water, food, ions and enzymes needed by the cell

42
Q

Central Vacuole

A

Found ONLY in plants
Takes up most space inside the cell to provide strength and support
May also contain other substances (some toxic)

43
Q

Vesicles

A

(Mini pod)
Function: small membrane bound sacs that isolate some materials from the rest of the cytoplasm and transport them from place to place in the animal cell
ONLY in animal cells

44
Q

Mitochondria

A

Function: supply energy to the cell, also known as power house of the cell
Responsible for cellular respiration
Unique in that it contains its own DNA and ribosomes

45
Q

Lysosomes

A

Enzymes used to defend the cell
Break down damage or worn out cell parts
(Cleanup crew)

46
Q

Centrioles

A

Organized micro tubes to form cilia and flagella
(Used by cells for movement)
Used in cell division for animals created spindles

Biology (3 decks)

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