Cell Quiz- Study Flashcards
What makes up all living things?
Cells
Cells
Basic unit of life
Robert Hooke
Discovered cells while observing a cork under a microscope
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Pond water (living cells)
Robert Brown
Named the nucleus
Matthias Schleiden
Discovered all plants are made of cells
Theodor Schwann
Discovered all animals are made of cells
Rudolph Virchow
Discovered all cells come from other cells
Cell Theory
- All living things are composed of cells
- Cells are the basic units of structure and function for all living things
- New cells are produced from existing cells
What are the two types of cells?
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
Characteristics of Prokaryotes
Small and most primitive
Unicellular
All have cell walls and cell membranes
More characteristics of Prokaryotes
Contain DNA, ribosomes, and cytoplasm
No nucleus or membrane bound organelles
Have nucleoid and plasmid
Divide by binary fission
Example of a Prokaryotic cell
Bacteria
(Before Nucleus)
Prokaryotic
Characteristics of a Eukaryote
Have a true nucleus
Have membrane bound organelles
All have cell membranes
May have cell walls
More characteristics of Eukaryotes
Can be unicellular or multicellular
More evolved cells
Some have cilia
Examples of Eukaryotes
Plants, animals, fungi, protists (no bacteria)
Animal cells shapes
Can have all kinds of shapes
What do animal cells contain?
DNA, cytoplasm, ribosomes, cytoskeleton, cell apparatus, nucleus, nucleolus, and smooth & rough ER, centrioles, and lots of lysosomes
What is the shape of a plant cell?
Usually body or square shaped
What do plant cells contain?
DNA, cytoplasm, ribosomes, cytoskeleton, cell membrane, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, nucleus, nucleolus, and smooth & rough ER
Contain cell walls
Chloroplasts, central vacuoles
What are the differences of animal and plant cells?
Plants contain cell walls, chloroplasts, central vacuoles, while animal cells do not. Animal cells can be any kind of shape, while plant cells are usually a boxy shape. Animal cells also have centrioles and lots of lysosomes and plant cells do not.
Cell membrane
Function: protects cells, controls what enters and leaves the body of the cell
Composed of: phospholipid bilayer, proteins, and carbohydrates
Cytoskeleton
Network of proteins that form long threads or fibers that crisscross the cell
Microtubules (within the cytoskeleton)
Give cell shape and movement of organelles
Functions of Cytoskeleton
Form cilia and flagella in some cells
Form spindle fibers during cell division
Made up of protein actin
Intermediate filaments (within the cytoskeleton)
Cell strength
Microfilaments (within cytoskeleton)
Long thing filaments that enable cells to move and divide, help muscle cells contract and relax
Cytoplasm
Fills space between the nucleus and the cell membrane
Fluid portion called cytosol and consist mostly of water
Sure of chemical reactions and location of organelles
Nucleus
Storehouse of genetic info or DNA
Composed of: DNA enclosed in a double membrane called nuclear envelope, has pores (holes) to allow large molecules to pass between nucleus and cytoplasm
Contains nucleolus (where ribosomes are assembled)
Nuclear structure
Chromatin, Chromosomes, Nucleolus, nuclear envelope
Chromatin
Granular material within the nucleus consisting of DNA bound to proteins
Chromosomes
Condensed chromatin that forms during cell division- carries genetic info
Nucleolus
Small, dense regions where the assembly of ribosomes begin
Nuclear envelope
Double membrane layer that surrounds the nucleus
Ribosomes
Function: link amino acids together to form proteins (protein synthesis), made up of proteins and RNA
Some ribosomes are found to the Rough ER others in cytoplasm
ER
Interconnected network of thin folded membranes
Rough ER
Studded with ribosomes and responsible for protein assembly
Smooth ER
Responsible for lipid assembly, breaks down drugs and alcohol
Golgi apparatus
Function: process (attach carbs and lipids to proteins) sort and deliver proteins
UPS of the cell
Vacuoles
(Like storage garage)
Fluid filled sacs used for storage of water, food, ions and enzymes needed by the cell
Central Vacuole
Found ONLY in plants
Takes up most space inside the cell to provide strength and support
May also contain other substances (some toxic)
Vesicles
(Mini pod)
Function: small membrane bound sacs that isolate some materials from the rest of the cytoplasm and transport them from place to place in the animal cell
ONLY in animal cells
Mitochondria
Function: supply energy to the cell, also known as power house of the cell
Responsible for cellular respiration
Unique in that it contains its own DNA and ribosomes
Lysosomes
Enzymes used to defend the cell
Break down damage or worn out cell parts
(Cleanup crew)
Centrioles
Organized micro tubes to form cilia and flagella
(Used by cells for movement)
Used in cell division for animals created spindles
