Cell Processes :) Flashcards
What is Cancer
A disease caused by a lot of multiplication with weird cells in a part of your body
What is Metastasis
The growth of cancer from its original spot; can take several months
What is Anaplasia
The disorganized and uncontrolled growth of cancer cells that don’t have any purpose
What is Vascularization
The process if which blood supply is connected to feed a tumour
What is a Abnormal Nuclei
When the nuclei in a cell is abnormal; misshapen or numerous
What is a Abnormal Cell
Irregular. less circular, misshapen and can be bigger or smaller
What is Lack of contact inhibition
The lack of contact inhibition. Process that prevents cells from growing when the come in contact with each other
What are the 7 danger signs
- Change in bowel/bladder habits
- a sore that does not heal
- unusual bleeding and discharge
- thickening in the breast or anywhere in body
- ingestion or difficulty swallowing
- obvious changes in a mole or wart
- nagging cough or hoarseness
What is the difference between Benign vs. Malignant tumours
Benign
- does not invade surrounding tissue
- grows slow
- minor damage; cells look similar to surrounding normal cells
Malignant
- tumour is cancerous; invasive to surrounding tissue
- grows slow or rapidly
- cells are invasive and atypical; major damage
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What are Carcinogens and what are some examples
Environmental substances that cause mutations that can cause cancer
eg: Alcohol, tobacco, drugs, viruses, UV rays
What is an Initiator
Any substance that changes a proto oncogene into a oncogene
What is a Promoter
Any substance that stimulates a oncogene to produce cancer cells
What is an Oncogene
A cancer causing gene
What is a Proto Oncogene
An inactiver cancer causing gene
What are the most common cancers in men, women and children
Men
- lung, prostate, colorectal
Women
- Breast, colorectal, lung
Children
- leukemia, brain/spinal cord, nueroblastoma
What are the Risk factors/ causes of cancer
- Alcohol and tobacco use
- Radiation and sunlight
- Bad diet and obesity
- Age
What are the methods of Cancer therapy
- surgery
- Remove as much of the cancer cells as possible - Chemotherapy
- Drugs that kill cancer cells - Radiation therapy
- uses high energy beams such as x- rays or protons to kill cancer cells
What are the Prevention Behaviours of cancer
- Avoid tobacco
- Eat Healthy
- Maintain a healthy weight and stay active
- Protect yourself from UV rays
- Moderate alcohol intake
What are the 4 Chemical reactions that take place in the mitochondrion
Reaction - Location - Product - carriers - ATP made
glycolysis - cytoplasm - Glucose/Pyruvic acid - 2 NADH - 2
Transition - Cyto to mitomatrix - pyruvic acid/ Active acetate - 2 NADH - none
Citric Acid - Mitomatrix - Citric acid x 2 - 6 NADH 2 FADH - 2
Electron Transport - Christae - NADH FADH nad fad - none - 34
Why does the mosaic model fit the structure of the Cell Membrane
fluid due to the phospholipid bilayer
mosaic due to the protein
What does the Cell Membrane consist of
- Phospholipid,
- phospholipid bilayer
- Recognition protein
Transport protein / Protein channel - cholesterol
What is the Diffusion Movement method and what is it affected by
- High to low concentration
- no energy needed
- no protein channel needed
Affected by:
size and shape, temperature, concentration gradient; gas fast liquid slower
What is the Osmosis Movement method and what are the two types
- High to low concentration
- no energy needed
- no protein channel needed
Hypertonic:
- solutions that have a high concentration of solute (low water) = cell shrinks
Hypo tonic:
- solutions that have a low concentration of solute (high water_ = cell swells
What is the Facilitated transport Movement method
- high to low concentration
- no energy needed
- protein carriers needed
- used for sugar ions and amino acids
