Cell Physiology Flashcards
What is the most abundant component of the cell membrane based on number of molecules?
Phospholipids
What is the most abundant component of the cell membrane based on weight?
Proteins
What are the 3 types of proteins found in the cell membrane?
- Channels
- Receptors
- Enzymes
What type of molecules readily dissolve in lipids but not water (lipophilic)?
Nonpolar
Which molecules are water soluble (hydrophilic)?
Polar
Name 2 examples of nonpolar, lipophilic molecules?
- Oxygen
- Isoflorane
Name 2 examples of polar, hydrophilic molecules?
- Water
- Glucose
What is an ion?
A molecule with a net charge, either positive of negative.
What is a positively charged ion called?
Cation
What is a negatively charged ion called?
Anion
What type of molecules can readily penetrate the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane?
- Hydrophobic
- Lipophilic
- Small uncharged molecules
Give examples of molecules that can readily penetrate the lipid bilayer?
- IV and Inhalational anesthetics
- H20
- Co2
What cannot cross the lipid bilayer on its own?
- Large
- Ions (least likely to cross)
- Hydrophilic
What is the term for cell contents leaving the cell?
Exocytosis
What is the term for the cell absorbing extracellular contents? Example?
Endocytosis = Neurotransmitters released from nerve terminals
What are the two types of endocytosis? and examples.
- Pinocytosis = proteins reabsorbed at the proximal tubule
- Phagocytosis = macrophages destroying bacteria
Name the 4 types of cell membrane receptors.
- Ligand gated Ion channel
- G Protein coupled
- Catalytic
- nuclear
Give 4 examples of ligand gated ion channel receptor.
- Acetylcholine to nicotinic
- 5HT3
- GABA (a)
- glutamate
Give an example of a G protein bound receptor.
- Muscarinic ACh
- Most adrenergic
What are the 1st messengers?
Ligands
What is the goal for the sodium potassium ATPase pump?
-Keep intracellular K high, and intracellular Na low
What is the ratio of K to Na for the Na K ATPase pump?
-3 Na extruded for every 2 K imported.
Why is insulin effective against hyperkalemia?
-It activates the Na K ATPase pump, and drives K into the cells
Why do some Beta 2 agonists (ritodrint, terbutaline) promote hypokalemia?
Stimulates the Na K ATPase pump and drives K into the cells.
