Cell Physiology Flashcards
What is cell physiology?
The study of cell function and the processes that occur within cells
Cell physiology encompasses various aspects such as metabolism, signaling, and cell communication.
What are the main components of a cell?
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
- Organelles
Each component has specific functions that contribute to the overall operation of the cell.
True or False: The cell membrane is selectively permeable.
True
This means it allows certain substances to pass while blocking others, maintaining homeostasis.
Fill in the blank: The process by which cells convert glucose into energy is called _______.
[cellular respiration]
Cellular respiration involves glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?
To house genetic material and control cellular activities
The nucleus contains DNA which directs the synthesis of proteins.
What are organelles?
Specialized structures within a cell that perform distinct functions
Examples include mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomes.
What is the function of mitochondria?
To produce ATP through cellular respiration
Mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell.
Fill in the blank: The semi-fluid substance inside the cell membrane is called _______.
[cytoplasm]
Cytoplasm contains organelles, nutrients, and other substances necessary for cell function.
What is the significance of cell signaling?
It allows cells to communicate and respond to their environment
Cell signaling involves various molecules and pathways that regulate cellular activities.
Define homeostasis in the context of cell physiology.
The maintenance of a stable internal environment within cells
Homeostasis is essential for optimal cell function and overall organism health.
What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?
To synthesize proteins
Ribosomes can be free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
True or False: The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
True
The rough ER is associated with protein synthesis, while the smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis.
What is apoptosis?
Programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms
Apoptosis is a crucial process for development and maintaining cellular homeostasis.
Fill in the blank: The process by which cells take in materials is called _______.
[endocytosis]
Endocytosis includes processes like phagocytosis and pinocytosis.
What is the function of lysosomes?
To digest and break down waste materials and cellular debris
Lysosomes contain enzymes that facilitate the breakdown of macromolecules.
List the phases of the cell cycle.
- Interphase
- Mitotic phase (M phase)
Interphase consists of G1, S, and G2 phases where the cell grows and DNA is replicated.
What is cell physiology?
The study of cell function and the processes that occur within cells
Cell physiology encompasses various aspects such as metabolism, signaling, and cell communication.
What are the main components of a cell?
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
- Organelles
Each component has specific functions that contribute to the overall operation of the cell.
True or False: The cell membrane is selectively permeable.
True
This means it allows certain substances to pass while blocking others, maintaining homeostasis.
Fill in the blank: The process by which cells convert glucose into energy is called _______.
[cellular respiration]
Cellular respiration involves glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?
To house genetic material and control cellular activities
The nucleus contains DNA which directs the synthesis of proteins.
What are organelles?
Specialized structures within a cell that perform distinct functions
Examples include mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomes.
What is the function of mitochondria?
To produce ATP through cellular respiration
Mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell.
Fill in the blank: The semi-fluid substance inside the cell membrane is called _______.
[cytoplasm]
Cytoplasm contains organelles, nutrients, and other substances necessary for cell function.
