Cell physiology

Question 1

What are the 4 things that all cells have?

Answer 1

• proteins
• nucleic acids
• carbohydrates
• plasma membrane

Question 2

What are the 2 benefits of organelles for cells?

Answer 2

• separates incompatible chemical rxns

- increases the efficiency of rxns (smaller space = higher conc.)

Question 3

Where is ribosomal RNA synthesized?

Answer 3

nucleolus

Question 4

The … synthesizes and modifies proteins for inter and intracellular transport and to be inserted into the plasma membrane

Answer 4

Rough ER

Question 5

Where are proteins folded and processed?

Answer 5

RER lumen

Question 6

What roles do proteins synthesized on the RER play?

Answer 6

• message transport
• membrane transporters/pumps
• catalyze rxns

Question 7

The … contains enzymes that catalyze rxns involving lipids and acts as a calcium ion reservoir

Answer 7

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

The … processes, sorts and ships proteins in the cis to trans direction

Answer 8

Golgi apparatus

Question 9

… are found only in animal cells and break down and recycle materials

Answer 9

lysosomes

Question 10

lysosomes are kept at pH … by …

Answer 10

5.0, proton pumps

Question 11

The … gives cells shape and structure, aids in movement and transport and organizes cells components

Answer 11

cytoskeleton

Question 12

… supply ATP to cells, has its own DNA and manufactures its own ribosomes

Answer 12

mitochondria

Question 13

True or False: new mitochondria can be generated using mtDNA alone

Answer 13

false

Question 14

True or False: the cytoskeleton is static

Answer 14

False: fibrous proteins can move and change to alter shape, shift contents and move the cell

Question 15

What are the 3 types of cytoskeletal elements?

Answer 15

• actin filaments (microfilaments)
• intermediate filaments
• microtubules

Question 16

Which cytoskeletal elements have plus and minus ends and undergo constant assembly and disassembly?

Answer 16

actin filaments and microtubules