Cell Physiology Flashcards
What are the parts of the cell?
Nucleus Cytoplasm Mitochondria Rough & Smooth ER Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes Cytoskeleton
What is the function of the Nucleus?
contains the genomic material and repairs the damaged DNA
What is the function of the Cytoplasm?
aqueous solution which contains ions, molecules and different organelles
What is the function of the Rough ER?
has ribosomes, synthesis of protein, translates mRNA and modification of proteins post-translation
What is the function of the Smooth ER?
has no ribosomes, for detoxification, conversion of fat-soluble molecules to water soluble molecules (liver), and calcium sequestration
What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?
packaging of proteins and modification of proteins post-translation
What is the function of Lysosomes?
contains digestive enzymes which has degradative functions (ex. lipase and glycosidases)
What is the function of Cytoskeleton?
exemplified by filaments and microtubules which are important for muscle contraction, locomotion and structural support
What is the function of the Cell Membrane?
separates the intracellular components from the extra cellular components
_______ are important for vesicular transport? (3)
Actin
Dynein
Kinesin
Cell Membrane is composed of _____? (w percent)
proteins (55%)
lipids (42%)
carbohydrates (3%)
Lipids are composed of _____?
2 fatty acids tails (1 with kinking)
What causes the kinking?
unsaturated fats
Phospholipids are composed of _____?
charged-polar head (aqueous environment) and non-polar fatty acid chains (lipid bilayer)
Phospholipids are involved in _____?
signal transduction
Which Phospholipids are found on the outer leaflet? (2)
Phosphatidylcholine and Sphingomyelin
Which Phospholipids are found on the inner leaflet? (3)
PhosphatidylETHANOLAMINE
PhosphatidylSERINE
PhosphatidylINOSITOL
(E S I)
Which Phospholipids have Glycerol as backbone? (4)
PhosphatidylCHOLINE PhosphatidylETHANOLAMINE PhosphatidylSERINE PhosphatidylINOSITOL (C E S I)
Which Phospholipids have Sphingosine as backbone? (1)
Sphingomyelin
Cholesterol is also called as _____?
buffer molecule or moderator molecule
What is the function of Cholesterol?
provides mechanical stability and flexibility at normal temperature
Polar group of Cholesterol attaches to _____ of Phospholipids?
polar group
Non-polar group of Cholesterol attaches to _____ of Phospholipids?
fatty acids
Cholesterol keeps the _____ firm and ____ by forming lipid drops
lipid, fluid
Cholesterol prevents _____?
lipid crystallization
Glycolipids are composed of _____?
polar group with Carbohydrate attached to the fatty acid chain
What are the 3 types of proteins?
Integral/Transmembrane, Peripheral/Surface and Lipid-anchored
What are the function of Carbohydrates?
Cell identity marker and communication, attachment agent/anchor and act as channels
What is the fluid mosaic model?
describes that protein, lipids and cholesterol can move freely anywhere along the plane of the membrane
What are the factors affecting fluidity?
Temperature and Lipid composition
In low temperature, cholesterol situates itself between phospholipids to _____; clusters with each other to become _____?
prevent crystallization, more viscous
In high temperature, cholesterol situates itself between phospholipids but the _____from each other to _____?
distance is farther, increase fluidity
What are the functions of the Cell Membrane? (8)
cell transport cell identification, maintains composition of ICF & ECF site of signal transduction cellular stability anchors cells to neighboring cells to the basal lamina site of enzymatic activities determines cell shape
What is the function of Intercellular Junctions?
anchor cells to neighboring cells to provide stability and communication between cells?
Tight Junctions are also called as _____?
Zonula Occludens
What is the function of Adhering Junction?
provide mechanical adhesion by linking the cytoskeleton of the adjacent cells together
