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Cell Physiology > Cell Physiology > Flashcards

Cell Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the parts of the cell?

A 
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Rough & Smooth ER
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Cytoskeleton
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2
Q

What is the function of the Nucleus?

A

contains the genomic material and repairs the damaged DNA

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3
Q

What is the function of the Cytoplasm?

A

aqueous solution which contains ions, molecules and different organelles

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4
Q

What is the function of the Rough ER?

A

has ribosomes, synthesis of protein, translates mRNA and modification of proteins post-translation

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5
Q

What is the function of the Smooth ER?

A

has no ribosomes, for detoxification, conversion of fat-soluble molecules to water soluble molecules (liver), and calcium sequestration

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6
Q

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

A

packaging of proteins and modification of proteins post-translation

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7
Q

What is the function of Lysosomes?

A

contains digestive enzymes which has degradative functions (ex. lipase and glycosidases)

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8
Q

What is the function of Cytoskeleton?

A

exemplified by filaments and microtubules which are important for muscle contraction, locomotion and structural support

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9
Q

What is the function of the Cell Membrane?

A

separates the intracellular components from the extra cellular components

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10
Q

_______ are important for vesicular transport? (3)

A

Actin
Dynein
Kinesin

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11
Q

Cell Membrane is composed of _____? (w percent)

A

proteins (55%)
lipids (42%)
carbohydrates (3%)

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12
Q

Lipids are composed of _____?

A

2 fatty acids tails (1 with kinking)

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13
Q

What causes the kinking?

A

unsaturated fats

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14
Q

Phospholipids are composed of _____?

A

charged-polar head (aqueous environment) and non-polar fatty acid chains (lipid bilayer)

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15
Q

Phospholipids are involved in _____?

A

signal transduction

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16
Q

Which Phospholipids are found on the outer leaflet? (2)

A

Phosphatidylcholine and Sphingomyelin

17
Q

Which Phospholipids are found on the inner leaflet? (3)

A

PhosphatidylETHANOLAMINE
PhosphatidylSERINE
PhosphatidylINOSITOL
(E S I)

18
Q

Which Phospholipids have Glycerol as backbone? (4)

A 
PhosphatidylCHOLINE
PhosphatidylETHANOLAMINE
PhosphatidylSERINE
PhosphatidylINOSITOL
(C E S I)
19
Q

Which Phospholipids have Sphingosine as backbone? (1)

A

Sphingomyelin

20
Q

Cholesterol is also called as _____?

A

buffer molecule or moderator molecule

21
Q

What is the function of Cholesterol?

A

provides mechanical stability and flexibility at normal temperature

22
Q

Polar group of Cholesterol attaches to _____ of Phospholipids?

A

polar group

23
Q

Non-polar group of Cholesterol attaches to _____ of Phospholipids?

A

fatty acids

24
Q

Cholesterol keeps the _____ firm and ____ by forming lipid drops

A

lipid, fluid

25
Q

Cholesterol prevents _____?

A

lipid crystallization

26
Q

Glycolipids are composed of _____?

A

polar group with Carbohydrate attached to the fatty acid chain

27
Q

What are the 3 types of proteins?

A

Integral/Transmembrane, Peripheral/Surface and Lipid-anchored

28
Q

What are the function of Carbohydrates?

A

Cell identity marker and communication, attachment agent/anchor and act as channels

29
Q

What is the fluid mosaic model?

A

describes that protein, lipids and cholesterol can move freely anywhere along the plane of the membrane

30
Q

What are the factors affecting fluidity?

A

Temperature and Lipid composition

31
Q

In low temperature, cholesterol situates itself between phospholipids to _____; clusters with each other to become _____?

A

prevent crystallization, more viscous

32
Q

In high temperature, cholesterol situates itself between phospholipids but the _____from each other to _____?

A

distance is farther, increase fluidity

33
Q

What are the functions of the Cell Membrane? (8)

A 
cell transport
cell identification, 
maintains composition of ICF & ECF
site of signal transduction
cellular stability
anchors cells to neighboring cells to the basal lamina
site of enzymatic activities
determines cell shape
34
Q

What is the function of Intercellular Junctions?

A

anchor cells to neighboring cells to provide stability and communication between cells?

35
Q

Tight Junctions are also called as _____?

A

Zonula Occludens

36
Q

What is the function of Adhering Junction?

A

provide mechanical adhesion by linking the cytoskeleton of the adjacent cells together

Cell Physiology (1 decks)

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