Cell Parts Flashcards
What is the function of the Smooth ER?
Synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, Ca2+ storage, detoxification of drugs and poisons.
What is the function of the Rough ER?
Aids in the synthesis of secretory and other proteins from bound ribosomes; adds carbohydrates to proteins to make glycoproteins.
What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?
Modification of proteins, carbohydrates on proteins, and phospholipids; synthesis of many polysaccharides; sorting of Golgi products which are released in vesicles.
What is the function of Lysosomes?
Breakdown of ingested substances, cell macromolecules, and damaged organelles for recycling.
What is the function of Vacuoles?
Digestion, storage, waste disposal, water balance, plant cell growth and protection.
What is the function of the Mitochondrion?
Cellular Respiration
What is the function of Chloroplasts?
Photosynthesis
What is the function of Peroxisomes?
Contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen atoms from certain molecules to oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a by-product; H2O2 is converted to water by another enzyme.
What do Ribosomes do?
Build cell proteins and carry out protein synthesis. Free ones are suspended in the cytosol (synthesize cytosolic proteins). Bound ones are attached outside of ER (synthesis membrane proteins and exported proteins)
What is the function of the Nucleus?
Housing for chromosomes, which are made of chromatin (DNA and proteins); containing nucleoli (ribosomal subunits are made); pores regulate the entry and exit of materials.
What are Plasmodesmata?
Channels that perforate plant cell walls. Through these, water and small solutes (sometimes proteins and RNA) can pass cell to cell
What is the function of the Extracellular Matrix (ECM)?
Support, adhesion, movement, and regulation
What is the function of the Cell Wall in plants and prokaryotes?
Protection, maintaining shape and preventing excessive uptake of water.
What are the three main types of fibers in the cytoskeleton?
Microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.
What is the function of the Cytoskeleton?
Organizes structures and activities of the cell, provides mechanical support and maintains the shape of the cell, and provides anchorage for many organelles and cytosolic enzymes.
