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MCM II > Cell Orgnells > Flashcards

Cell Orgnells Flashcards

1
Q

What is the plasma membrane and what are its functions?

A

Outer body of the cells, bilayer.

-Protective barrier, has transporters, signaling

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2
Q

What is the nucleus and what are its functions.

A

The nucleus contains the genome.

It is the principle site for DNA and RNA synthesis.

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3
Q

What is the cytoplasm and what is its function.

A

The cytoplasm consists of cytosol and cytoplasmic organelles.
-Intermediary metabolism

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4
Q

What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and what are its functions?

A

-Ribosomes attached-(Rough ER)
-No Ribosomes - (Smooth ER)
It is involved in protein synthesis, lipid synthesis, protein folding, and storage of calcium.

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5
Q

What is the GOLGI APPARATUS and what are its functions.

A

The golgi apparatus is composed of stacks of disc-like compartments.
-It is involved in post-translational changes on proteins and lipids, trafficking

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6
Q

Mitocondria and what are their functions?

A

Outer and inner membrane and matrix.

Mitochondria are involved in making ATP, signaling, cell differentiation, and cell death.

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7
Q

What are lysosomes and what is their function?

A

Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that degrade organelles and biomolecules

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8
Q

What are peroxisomes and what is their function?

A

Peroxisomes are small vesicular compartments that contain enzymes used in oxidation reactions

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9
Q

What are the three topological compartmentalization categories?

A 
#1 Nucleus and cytosol -(communicate through nuclear pore complex)
#2 Organelles in secretory and endocrine pathways (ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes) - (Communicate through vesicles)
#3 Mitochondria
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10
Q

What does membrane budding and fusion allow topological equivalent organelles to do?

A

communicate with each other and with the cell exterior

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11
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

-Parallel sacks of flat, elongated cisternae, studded with ribosomes.
-Functions include:
Protein modification and assembly
Segregation of proteins for intracellular use
Export from cell (ciollagen, cell membrane proteins)

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12
Q

What do cells that make secreted proteins have a lot of?

A

Rough ER

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13
Q

The mechanism by which secretory proteins are directed to the ER is explained by the what?

A

Signal sequence

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14
Q

In what do most proteins exit the RER and where are they usually transported to?

A

Most proteins leave in vesicles and are transported to the cis portion of the Golgi apparatus

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15
Q

How does the SER differ from the RER

A

The SER lacks ribosomes and has tubular cisternae

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16
Q

What are important functions of the SER

A

glycogen metabolism, lipid synthesis, phospholipid synthesis, detoxification, steroidogenesis, calcium regulation

17
Q

Where do the cis and trans section of the golgi apparatus face?

A

Cis is adjacent to the endoplasmic reticulum

Trans points to the plasma membrane or the nucleus

18
Q

What are the functions of the golgi apparatus?

A
  • modification of carbs
  • polysaccharide and oligosacchride synthesis
  • synthesis of sphingomycin and glycosphingolipids
  • Sorting of secretory products (marking w/ M6P)
  • packing ans storing secretory products
19
Q

When does the golgi apparatus disassemble? and reassemble?

A
  • disassembles during mitosis/meiosis

- reassembles in interphase

20
Q

Clathrin-coated vesicles

A

transport products from GOLGI to lysosomes

*seen in exocytosis/secretory and endocytosis pathway

21
Q

COP-coated vesicles

A

transport products between stacks of golgi apparatus and from ER to golgi apparatus

22
Q

What couses vesicles to pinch off from the plasma membrane

A

Dynamin

23
Q

Primary lysosomes

A

the storage site of lysosomal hydrolases.

  • no digestive events
  • homogeneous
  • inactive enzymes
24
Q

Secondary lysosomes

A

Engaged in catalytic process

  • digestive enzymes
  • heterogeneous
  • active enzymes
25
Q

What are the three pathways for intracellular degradation?

A

Phagocytosis, autophagy, receptor-mediated endocytosis

26
Q

Endocytosis

A

Lysosomes digest material taken up from outside the cell

27
Q

Peroxisomes (microbodies)

A

organelles that are found in the cytoplasm of almost all cells, roughly spherical, and bound by a single membrane

28
Q

what is the function of peroxisomes

A
  • synthesis and degradation of hydrogen peroxide,
  • beta-oxidation of long chain fatty acids
  • bile acid and cholesterol synthesis
  • detoxify alcohol
29
Q

What are Zellweger spectrium disorders

A

They are peroxisome biogenesis disorders

-caused by defects in the assembly of the peroxisome

30
Q

Zellweger syndrome

A

characterized by an absence or reduced number of peroxisomes in the cells

31
Q

What are mitochondria often associated with?

A

microtubular cytoskeleton

32
Q

What do the enzymes within peroxisomes form?

A

They form hydrogen peroxide (can damage cell) which is immediately broken down by catalase

MCM II (3 decks)

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