Cell Organelles (Plant + Animal) Flashcards
What is the cell membrane and its function?
The cell membrane surrounds the cell and separates the inside of the cell to the outside. It also controls what materials come in and out of the cell.
What is cytoplasm and its function?
Cytoplasm is everything between the cell and nuclear membrane, which means all of the organelles and cytosol. The function is to hold and protect the components of the cell.
What is mitochondrion and its function.
Mitochondrion is the “powerhouse of the cell” which means that it takes nutrients and converts it into energy by using cellular respiration for the cell to use.
What are ribosomes and their function?
Located on the rough endoplasmic reticulum and throughout the cell, ribosomes are sites of protein synthesis (meaning they manufacture the proteins).
What are vesicles and their function?
Vesicles are created by the Golgi Apparatus and are small, sac-like structures that store and deliver nutrients throughout and out of the cell.
What are lysosomes and their function?
Lysosomes are small vesicles that contain enzymes and chemicals that help digest materials brought into the cell. They also break down old and/or non-functioning cells.
What are vacuoles (animals) and their function?
Vacuoles are a type of vesicle that store carbohydrates, salts, water, and proteins. They also remove waste products from the cell.
What are centrioles and their function?
Centrioles are bundles of microtubules that organize the movement of chromosomes during cell division.
What is the golgi apparatus and its function?
The golgi apparatus is a stack of membranes that collects and modifies chemical compounds. These then get packaged to be used and exported around other parts of the cell and outside.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum and its function?
The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of sacs responsible for manufacturing, processing and transporting chemical compounds used by the cells. The proteins created by the ribosomes use this tunnel way to be released and transported throughout the cell.
What is the nuclear membrane and its function?
The nuclear membrane is a double-layered membrane that acts to protect the nucleus. It has pores in it, which allows different types of molecules, such as proteins to come in and out.
What is the nucleus and its function?
The nucleus contains the cell’s DNA and regulates gene expression, which is the process of the information encoded in a gene to be turned into a protein (function).
What is the nucleolus and its function?
The nucleolus resides in the nucleus, contains RNA and synthesizes ribosomes, which then makes proteins.
What are vacuoles in plants and their function?
Vacuoles in plants is a type of vesicle that stores water and other chemicals and nutrients. It supports the plant and when full, gives the plant its shape.
What is the cell wall and its function?
The cell wall is the outer most layer that surrounds the cell membrane, protecting and supporting the cell. The layers that make up the cell wall are either really flexible or rigid.
