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Cell Organelles LQ2 > Cell Organelles LQ2 > Flashcards

Cell Organelles LQ2 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. All cells made from other cells
  2. Cells are the smallest living things
  3. Organisms all made of cells

-Schwann: All animal tissue consists of cells

-Schleiden: All plants are made up of cells

A

Cell Theory

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2
Q

-Nucleus-less plasma membrane containing cytoplasm with DNA and ribosomes, encased by cell wall made of peptidoglycan

-No membrane-bound organelles

-Can be bacteria or archaea, both single celled

A

Prokaryote

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3
Q

-Both single celled & have cell walls
-Both lack nucleus & don’t go thru mitosis

-Archaea have different membrane lipid structure than bacteria, which give them better thermal stability

A

Archaea Vs. Bacteria

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4
Q

-Long, threadlike structure protruding from surface of bacteria

-Consists of protein rings embedded in the plasma membrane, and a cell wall with long protein fibers extending from this

A

Bacterial Flagella

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5
Q

-Compartmentalization achieved through combination of endomembrane system that weaves thru cell interior, and by cell organelles

A

Eukaryote

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6
Q

-DNA in the nucleus encodes amino acid sequences of each protein in the cell

-Spherical shaped in center of cell

A

Nucleus

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7
Q

-Surface of nucleus, which is bound by two phospholipid bilayer membranes

A

Nuclear Envelope

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8
Q

-DNA divided into multiple linear chromosomes, organized with proteins into chromatin

A

Chromatin

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9
Q

-Clusters of rRNA, manufactures ribosome subunits

A

Nucleolus

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10
Q

-Protein synthesis / assembly

-Each ribosome composed of two subunits: rRNA & proteins

A

Ribosome

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11
Q

-mRNA: carries coding information from DNA

-tRNA: carries amino acids

-rRNA: ribosomal subunits

A

Types of RNA

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12
Q

-Composed of phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins

-Space inside: cisternal space or lumen

-fluid component region exterior to it: cytosol

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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13
Q

-Site of protein synthesis via ribosomes

-proteins will be sent to their location via golgi apparatus

-Newly made proteins can be modified to form glycoproteins

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

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14
Q

-Site of lipid + membrane synthesis

-Stores Ca2+

-Detoxification

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

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15
Q

-Protein collecting, packaging, delivering

-Individual stacks of membrane: cisternae

A

Golgi Apparatus

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16
Q

-Digestive enzymes that degrade all 4 biomolecules

-enzymes break down old organelles and recycle them

A

Lysosome

17
Q

-Form storage for lipids for energy

-Secondary site for lipid synthesis

A

Lipid Droplets

18
Q

-Contains oxidative enzymes that break down fatty acids

-Contains O2 to break down lipids

-Produces hydrogen peroxide as by-product, which can be harmful but kept in check via catalyze enzymes in peroxisomes

A

Peroxisomes

19
Q

-Plant cells have membrane-bound vacuoles that are used for molecule storage and water balance

-Surrounding membrane maintains tonicity via tonoplast

A

Vacuole

20
Q

-Generate most cellular ATP

-Bound by two membranes: smooth outer membrane, and folded inner membrane with layers called cristae

A

Mitochondria

21
Q

-Plant cells use light to generate ATP and sugars via chloroplast

A

Chloroplast

22
Q

-Mitochondria & chloroplasts arose by endosymbiosis

-prokaryote engulfed by another cell: ancestor of modern eukaryotes

A

Endosymbiosis

23
Q

-cytoplasm is crisscrossed by a network of protein fibers that support shape and movement: _____

-anchors organelles to fixed locations

-made up of: actin filament, microtubules, intermediate filaments

A

cytoskeleton

24
Q

-Reorganization of microtubules during cell division

-Plant & fungi centrosomes lack centrioles but still contain microtubule-organizing centers

A

Centrosomes

25
Q

-Moves up and down

-Outward projection of the cell’s interior, containing cytoplasm and enclosed by plasma membrane

A

Eukaryotic Flagella

26
Q

-cells of plants / fungi have cell walls which protect and support the cells

-chemically different from prokaryotic cell walls

A

Cell Walls

27
Q

-Animal cells secrete extracellular matrix, a protective layer over the cell’s surface composed of collagen and elastin

A

ECM

28
Q

-Surface proteins give cells identity.

-Glycolipids (most tissue-specific cell markers) and MHC proteins on cell surfaces help distinguish cells

-In animals, gap junctions allow passage of small molecules between cells.

-In plants, plasmodesmata penetrate the cell wall and connect cells

A

Cell-To-Cell Interactions

29
Q
  1. Two proteins loosely twined together; involved in movements like contraction, crawling
  2. facilitates movement of cell and materials within cell
  3. very stable, usually not broken down
A
  1. actin
  2. microtubule
  3. intermediate filaments

Cell Organelles LQ2 (1 decks)

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