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exam 3 review > Cell organelles I and II > Flashcards

Cell organelles I and II Flashcards

1
Q

polaritiy of the cells refers to to ___ of a cell

A

sideness of a cell
most cells are polarized meaning they have two sides an apical side or basolateral side

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2
Q

apical surface

A

faces the lumen (any opening like an intesitianal lume)

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3
Q

basolateral surface

A

important for cell adhesion and communication

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4
Q

types of polarized cells

A

epithelium neurons

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5
Q

types of non polarized cells

A

still undergoing development

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6
Q

plasma membrane has ____ long chain fatty acids and _____ glycerol backbone

A

hydrophobic
hydrophilic

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7
Q

how do cells communicatie and adhere to each other

A

intrecellular junctions

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8
Q

location of tight junctions

A

apical luminal surfaces

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9
Q

function of tight junctions

A

permeability (blood brain barrier)

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10
Q

structure of tight junction

A

PMs of neighboring cells appear pinched together at certain parts

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11
Q

location of anchoring junctions

A

basolateral borders

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12
Q

function of anchoring junctions

A

protects against mechanical stress, stretching , pulling

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13
Q

zonua adherens

A

actin

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14
Q

desomosomes aka macula adherens and their structure

A

intermediate filaments
thick structured. junctions spanning PMs of adjacent cells

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15
Q

birthplace of ribosomes

A

nucleolus

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16
Q

ribsosomes are transcribed and assemnled in the nucleolus but fully mature where

A

cytoplasm

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17
Q

nuclear envelope

A

double membrane strcuture formed by ER

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18
Q

inner nuclear membrane

A

contains proteins that can play well with the delicate internal nuclear environments containing chromatin and nuclear lamina

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19
Q

what is sometimes studded with ribosomes

A

outer nuclear membrane

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20
Q

T or F
ribosomes are very basophilic

A

T

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21
Q

which dye is often used to stain basophiliic organelles

A

hematoxylin

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22
Q

nissl bodies

A

a structure found in the cytoplasm of nerve cells that exhibit high metabolic activity and can be easily visualized due to hematoylin

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23
Q

ribosomes are great for TEM because they are

A

electron dense

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24
Q

inactive ribosome is not presently involved in _____

A

protein syntheiss , prefers to be alone in the cytoplasm

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25
Q

active ribosomes will arrange themselves into a circle or

A

polyribosomes around a thread of mRNA

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26
Q

ribosomes can be found near _____

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum , (riobsomes make ER rough) or the nuclear membrane

27
Q

mostly involved w proteins and carbs

A

rough er

28
Q

granular
outermembrane of nuclear envelope
protein translocation
folding

A

rough er

29
Q

arganular

A

smooth ER

30
Q

location of smooth ER

A

hepatocytes
steroid secreting cells
muscle cells - the uptake and storage of Ca is essential for muscle contractions

31
Q

protein modifications/ transport

A

r ER

32
Q

higher order functions that has less to do with proteins

A

s ER

33
Q

know how to recognize which is smooth vs rough on histological images

A

look at pics

34
Q

UPR

A

unfolded protein response

35
Q

cystic fibrosis and the ER clinical correlation

A

both ions and water stay within the cell which leads to thickened mucus on the epithelial lining surface

36
Q

what are the three fates from the ER and golgi complex

A

bulk flow - lots. of stuff leaves in trasnsport vesciles which bud off the ER and makes it way to the Golgi

partitionning within the lipid bilayer- materials stay within the ER and are absorbed into its own lipid bilayer

signal mediated sorting - vesciles from the ER are coated by COPII proteins these vesciles are ferried to the cis side of the gogli complex

37
Q

2 other coat proteins that are not from ER

A

COPI from golgi apparatus cis and intermediate sides vesciles are coated in copi proteins

clathrin
proteins that coat vesciles exportes from the trans golgi endosome and plasma membrane

38
Q

golgi recieves and transports packages (vesicles)
what stabilizies golgi

A

mictrotublues
stabilizing structures made by centrosomes its why youll often find golgi near the nucleaus and centrosomes.

39
Q

golgi sidenesness

A

materials are exported from the cis to trans golgi

40
Q

what type of proteins coat vesicles coming from trans side

A

clathrin

41
Q

functions of golgi

A

sort and prepare proteins recieved from rER (cis to trans side)
post translation modifications
produces lipids (in the ER too) and lysomes
assembly of polysaccharides

42
Q

what are lysosomes

A

single layer membrane bound vesciles filled with hydrolytic enzymes

43
Q

origin of lysosomes

A

golgi complex

44
Q

function of lysosomes

A

consumes viruses bacteria pathogens
role in cell turnover
autolysis

45
Q

life stages of lysosomes

A

primary - homogenous electron dense
secondary - larger, more heterogenous than primary lysosomes has consumed some cell material.
tertiary aka residual bodies - “trash chute” stage of our lysosomes non uniform appearance and filled with stuff its consumed throughout its lifetime
aka nerve or cardiac cells that dont turnover often

46
Q

one of many lysosomal storage diseases

A

Tay sach’s

47
Q

summarize tay sachs

A

wildtype lysosomes have an enzyme called hex A which specifically breaks down GM2 a ganglioside often found in nerve cells

  • deficients amounts of Hex A leads to a build up of GM2 causing an abnormal increase in the SIZE of residual bodies
48
Q

T or F
tay sachs causes brain damage blindness deafness

A

T

49
Q

are residual bodies abundant in nerve cells

A

yes

50
Q

hollow
unbranched
no membrane
cylindrical
polarity + and - end
variable dynamic length

A

microtubules

51
Q

functions of microtubules

A

movement of flagella and cilia constantly shortening and elongating
cytokinesis (splitting of two daughter cells )
intracellular transport of organelles/vesicles via motor proteins kinesin toward + end, dynein toward - end

52
Q

do micrtotubules have a important relationship with golgi apparatus

A

yes

53
Q

location of microtubules

A

neurons platelets leukocytes and any dividing cell

54
Q

whats the relationship between golgi apparatus and microtubules

A

microtubules hold the golgi apparatus in place

55
Q

post office of cell

A

golgi apparatus

56
Q

which direction are proteins typically sent through the golgi apparatus

A

cis to trans

57
Q

actin filaments structure

A

flexible and thin rods that have no membrane
smallest of the cytoskelteal structures
know actin as a long chain structure

58
Q

function of actin filaments

A

resist cell shape change
transmit forces between cells
participate in muscle cell contraction recall tje muscle cell sarcomere
cell locomotion
cytokinesis phagocytosis

59
Q

thin filament =
thick filament =

A

actin,myosin

60
Q

location of actin filaments

A

protrude in the center of microvilli
ie the intestinal cells facing the lumen
located throughout the cytoplasm of non muscle cells

61
Q

intermediate filaments

A
62
Q

resolving power of 0.2 um staining aids in light absorption in cells
hemotoxylin and eosin is a common stain

A

light microscope

63
Q

resolving power 0.2-0.5 nm
illumination source is a beam of electrons
stained with heavy metals

A

transmission electron microscope

exam 3 review (1 decks)

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