Cell Organelles

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

controls and regulates the activities of the cell (e.g., growth and metabolism) and carries the genes, structures that contain the hereditary information.

Question 2

Cytoplasm

Answer 2

is the fluid that fills cells and serves several important functions. holds the internal components of cells in place and protects. Cytoplasm stores molecules used for cellular processes, hosts many of these processes within the cell itself.

Question 3

Ribosome

Answer 3

is the cellular machinery responsible for making proteins. There are many ribosomes in each cell, each made up of two subunits.

Question 4

Cell Wall

Answer 4

a rigid or flexible layer that surrounds some types of cells, just outside the cell membrane. Cell walls provide structural support, protection, and shape to cells, and also act as a selective barrier.

Question 5

Cell Membrane

Answer 5

is a semipermeable barrier that separates the inside of a cell from its outside environment. It’s made up of a lipid bilayer, which is a flexible structure that contains proteins, lipids, and other molecules.

Question 6

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 6

is a network of membranes within a cell that is studded with ribosomes on its outer surface, giving it a rough appearance

Question 7

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 7

is connected to the RER, but its cytoplasmic surface includes few or no ribosomes. The SER is responsible for the synthesis of carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid hormones+ cam detoxify, drugs, poison’s.

Question 8

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 8

a cell organelle that helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell.

Question 9

Mitochondria

Answer 9

are membrane-bound cell organelles (mitochondrion, singular) that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions.

Question 10

Chloroplast

Answer 10

organelles in plant and algal cells that perform photosynthesis, the process of converting light energy from the sun into chemical energy: converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and carbs

Question 11

Cytoskeleton

Answer 11

a network of fibers extending through the cytoplasm that provides. mechanical support and maintains the cell’s shape. The cytoskeleton provides support, motility, and regulation.

Question 12

Lysosome

Answer 12

are membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of enzymes capable of breaking down all types of biological polymers—proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.

Question 13

Central Vacuole

Answer 13

a large, membrane-bound organelle found in plant cells that stores materials and wastes, and helps maintain the cell’s structure and function