cell organelles Flashcards
organelles
cytoplasm
everything between the cell membrane and the nuclear membrane, includes a jelly-like substance called cytosol.
cell wall
the porous outermost layer that surrounds the cell membrane, it plays a role in protecting and supporting the cell.
chloroplasts
converts energy of the sun into chemical energy through photosynthesis.
cell membrane
a protective layer surrounding each cell, it regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton of a cell is like the skeleton of our bodies. It lets a cell keep its shape, move around, and change shape, and it allows organelles to move around. The cytoskeleton is made of proteins called microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments.
endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic reticulum is a collection of tubes that make, package, and transport proteins and fats. Rough endoplasmic reticulum has protein-making ribosomes on its surface, so it helps make and process proteins.
golgi apparatus
A Golgi body, also known as a Golgi apparatus, is a cell organelle that helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell, the Golgi body appears as a series of stacked membranes.
mitochondrion
Mitochondria are organelles, or cell parts, often referred to as the powerhouses of cells. Mitochondria break down food into usable energy for cells. This energy source is called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
nuclear membrane
The nuclear membrane is a two-layered structure that protects the nucleus, keeps DNA separate from the rest of the cell and manages what materials enter the nucleus. It is made up of four main parts: outer membrane, inner membrane, perinuclear space and nuclear pores.
nucleolus
The nucleolus makes parts to help build, or synthesize, one of the most important workers for the cell, the ribosomes. Ribosomes build chains of proteins for the cell. The nucleolus also works to create about 50% of the rRNA.
nucleus
The nucleus is perhaps the most important structure inside animal and plant cells. It is the main control center for the cell and acts kind of like the cell’s brain. Only eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.
ribosome
A ribosomes is a small organelle involved in the process of making protein, which is called protein synthesis. The ribosome handles translation, which is the second part of protein synthesis.
vacuole
A vacuole is a storage area for a cell. It can store food, water, or anything else a cell may need to survive.
vesicle
Vesicles are small cellular containers that perform a variety of functions. They can be used to move molecules, secrete substances, digest materials, or regulate the pressure in the cell.
Capsule
A Bacterial Capsule is defined as a layer of slime outside the bacterial cell wall, composed mainly of polysaccharides or polypeptides. It plays a crucial role in protecting bacteria from immune cells, desiccation, and helps in adherence to surfaces.
