Cell Organelles

Question 1

Nucleus function

Answer 1

Contains chromosomes made up of DNA, instructions for making proteins by making RNA and ribosomes.
It is involved in protein synthesis
Surrounding the nucleus there is a double membrane which contains phospholipid bilayers with nuclear pores.

Question 2

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

Answer 2

No ribosomes and is involved in making lipids

Question 3

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

Answer 3

Has ribosomes and transports proteins made on attached ribosomes.

Question 4

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 4

Made of flattened sacs (Cisternae) and receives proteins from the SER, modifies them (could add sugars), then packages the proteins into vesicles to be transported either in or out of the cell.

Question 5

Mitochondria

Answer 5

Has 2 membranes - inner membrane is folded to form cristae, central part is called the matrix.

It is the site where ATP is produced during respiration.

Question 6

Chloroplasts

Answer 6

Has 2 membranes - inner membrane is made up of a continuous network of thylakoids. Chlorophyll contained in the membranes.

Site of photosynthesis - light energy is used to derive carbohydrate molecules from CO2.

Question 7

Lysosomes

Answer 7

1 membrane

Contains digestive enzymes - break down materials.

Question 8

Ribosomes

Answer 8

No membrane

Very small organelles in cytoplasm and bound to RER.

Consists of 2 subunits:
80s+ = eukaryotic cell
70s- = prokaryotic cell

Site of protein synthesis - uses the mRNA to make appropriate proteins inside or outside the cell.