Cell Organelles Flashcards
What are organelles?
“Little Organs”- specialized structures performing specific jobs in the cell.
Ribosomes are formed by ___________
Nucleolus
True or False: Prokaryotes have a nucleus.
False. They have a nucleoid.
What is the function of cytoskeleton?
- Acts as the skeletal system (shape and structure)
- Allows organelles to move within the cell
What are the different filaments found in cytoskeleton?
- Microtubules- 25nm in diameter
- Intermediate filaments- 10nm in diameter
- Actin filaments- 7nm in diameter
True or False: Cytoskeleton is found in prokaryotes.
True.
Which is the smallest organelle?
Ribosome
Which organelle is found in prokaryotes?
Ribosome
Which organelle is not membrane bound?
Ribosome
What is the function of a ribosome?
Creates proteins based on DNA instructions.
What is the difference between free ribosomes and bound ribosomes?
Free ribosomes:
1. Create proteins that remain in the cell.
Bound ribosomes:
1. Attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (R.E.R)
2. Create proteins that are either incorporated withing the cell membrane or secreted outside.
What is the primary site of protein synthesis in the cell?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum.
What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
- Primary site of macromolecule synthesis other than proteins.
- Produces hormones and lipids.
- Detoxifies drugs.
- Produces the cell membrane.
What is the function of endoplasmic reticulum?
It is the transportation network of the cell.
What is the function of golgi apparatus?
It is the delivery system in the cell; it collects, modifies and transports substances within the cell.
What is the difference between cis face and trans face of golgi apparatus?
Cis face:
1. Collects proteins in the form of vesicles
2. Proteins are unmodified/ immature.
3. Convex in shape.
Trans face:
1. Exits/ releases proteins in the form of vesicles.
2. Proteins are modified/ mature.
3. Concave in shape.
What is the function of lysosomes?
They are trash disposal systems; contain enzymes that digest waste materials.
What is autophagy?
Engulfing of faulty organelles by lysosomes.
What are peroxisomes?
Cell organelles that contain enzymes to digest toxic substances; main chemical of action- hydrogen peroxide
What is the site of cellular respiration in the cell?
Mitochondria
Which cell organelle is known as the “Powerhouse of the cell”?
Mitochondria
Name two cell organelles that are double membrane bound.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
Name two cell organelles with its own DNA.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
True or False: A man with mitochondrial disorders can pass it to his progeny.
False. Mitochondrial DNA is maternally inherited.
