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Human Biology > Cell Organelles > Flashcards

Cell Organelles Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are organelles?

A

“Little Organs”- specialized structures performing specific jobs in the cell.

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2
Q

Ribosomes are formed by ___________

A

Nucleolus

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3
Q

True or False: Prokaryotes have a nucleus.

A

False. They have a nucleoid.

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4
Q

What is the function of cytoskeleton?

A
  1. Acts as the skeletal system (shape and structure)
  2. Allows organelles to move within the cell
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5
Q

What are the different filaments found in cytoskeleton?

A
  1. Microtubules- 25nm in diameter
  2. Intermediate filaments- 10nm in diameter
  3. Actin filaments- 7nm in diameter
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6
Q

True or False: Cytoskeleton is found in prokaryotes.

A

True.

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7
Q

Which is the smallest organelle?

A

Ribosome

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8
Q

Which organelle is found in prokaryotes?

A

Ribosome

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9
Q

Which organelle is not membrane bound?

A

Ribosome

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10
Q

What is the function of a ribosome?

A

Creates proteins based on DNA instructions.

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11
Q

What is the difference between free ribosomes and bound ribosomes?

A

Free ribosomes:
1. Create proteins that remain in the cell.

Bound ribosomes:
1. Attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (R.E.R)
2. Create proteins that are either incorporated withing the cell membrane or secreted outside.

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12
Q

What is the primary site of protein synthesis in the cell?

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum.

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13
Q

What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A
  1. Primary site of macromolecule synthesis other than proteins.
  2. Produces hormones and lipids.
  3. Detoxifies drugs.
  4. Produces the cell membrane.
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14
Q

What is the function of endoplasmic reticulum?

A

It is the transportation network of the cell.

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15
Q

What is the function of golgi apparatus?

A

It is the delivery system in the cell; it collects, modifies and transports substances within the cell.

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16
Q

What is the difference between cis face and trans face of golgi apparatus?

A

Cis face:
1. Collects proteins in the form of vesicles
2. Proteins are unmodified/ immature.
3. Convex in shape.

Trans face:
1. Exits/ releases proteins in the form of vesicles.
2. Proteins are modified/ mature.
3. Concave in shape.

17
Q

What is the function of lysosomes?

A

They are trash disposal systems; contain enzymes that digest waste materials.

18
Q

What is autophagy?

A

Engulfing of faulty organelles by lysosomes.

19
Q

What are peroxisomes?

A

Cell organelles that contain enzymes to digest toxic substances; main chemical of action- hydrogen peroxide

20
Q

What is the site of cellular respiration in the cell?

A

Mitochondria

21
Q

Which cell organelle is known as the “Powerhouse of the cell”?

A

Mitochondria

22
Q

Name two cell organelles that are double membrane bound.

A

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

23
Q

Name two cell organelles with its own DNA.

A

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

24
Q

True or False: A man with mitochondrial disorders can pass it to his progeny.

A

False. Mitochondrial DNA is maternally inherited.

25
Q

What is the function of cristae in mitochondria?

A

They are folds that increase the surface area.

26
Q

What is the site of photosynthesis in the cell?

A

Chloroplasts

27
Q

True or False: Chloroplasts are only found in plant cells and some algae.

A

True.

28
Q

What is the function of chlorophyll in the chloroplasts?

A

It is a green pigment which is the primary energy absorber.

29
Q

What is the function of vacuoles?

A

They store food, water, wastes and enzymes.

30
Q

True or False: Vacuoles are large, permanent and acquire central position in plant cells only.

A

True.

31
Q

__________ are microtubular structures involved in cell division.

A

Centrioles

Human Biology (5 decks)

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