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cell organelles Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of mitochondria?

A

site of Oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP

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2
Q

what are the 4 main components of mitochondria?

A

the inner and outer membranes, the matrix, and the inter-membranous space

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3
Q

what is the function of ribosomes?

A
  • site of protein synthesis (translation)

- Link aa in order specified by mRNA

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4
Q

what is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

site of protein synthesis + lysosomal enzymes

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5
Q

what is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

synthesis of lipids

delivers to Golgi apparatus

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6
Q

what is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

A

processes and modifies macromolecules synthesised in the ER

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7
Q

Cis Golgi - where, and function?

A
  • near the nucleus
  • receives smooth ER vesicles
  • protein phosphorylation
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8
Q

medial Golgi - where, and function?

A
  • in middle

- adds sugars to lipid & peptides to form complex oligosaccharides

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9
Q

Trans Golgi - where, and function?

A
  • far from nucleus/close to membrane

- proteolysis of peptides, sorts molecules into vesicles

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10
Q

what is the structure of endoplasmic reticulum?

A
  • Network of interconnected tubes and sacs extending from nucleus into cytosol
  • Highly folded flattened membrane sheets
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11
Q

what is the structure of the golgi apparatus?

A

-Parallel stacks of membrane

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12
Q

what is the function of the cytoskeleton?

A
  • filamentous proteins

- that proves structural support

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13
Q

what types of filamentous proteins make up the cytoskeleton?

A
  • microfilaments eg. Actin
  • intermediate filaments
  • microtubules eg. Tubulin (not in RBCs)
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14
Q

what 4 components make up the nucleus?

A
  • the double membrane nuclear envelope
  • the nuclear pores
  • the nucleolus
  • the nucleoplasm
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15
Q

what is the function of the nucleus?

A
  • Houses DNA in the form of chromatin (within the nucleolus)

- site of ribosomal RNA formation (i.e DNA transcription)

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16
Q

what is the function of a lysosome?

A
  • Phagocytosis and turnover of cellular components ie. cell autolysis
  • contains acid hydrolases for digestion and recycling
17
Q

what is the function of a peroxisome?

A
  • beta oxidation of FAs
  • produce hydrogen peroxide as a by-product, which can be used to destroy pathogens AND peroxisomes can prevent its toxic effects on body
  • removes H from xenobiotics
18
Q

what is the function of vesicles?

A
  • membrane bound

- transport and store

19
Q

what and where is lipofuscin?

A
  • yellow/brown ‘wear-and-tear’ pigment granules formed from peroxidation of lipids
  • found in lysosomes
20
Q

where are lipids found?

A
  • in adipocytes (as triglycerides)
  • in cell membranes
  • in lipoproteins (as cholesterol)
21
Q

what do lipids look like in histology?

A

empty spaces

22
Q

where is glycogen found?

A

liver and muscles

23
Q

What happens in the matrix of the mitochondria?

A

Site of Krebs cycle (atp)

24
Q

Where happens in the intro-membranous space of the mitochondria?

A

ADP to ATP (nucleotide phosphorylation)

25
Q

name loosely coiled and tightly coiled chromatin

A

loose -euchromatin

tight- heterochromatin

26
Q

which is easier to express (transcript)

euchromatin or heterochromatin?

A

euchtomanitn - easier (because looser)

27
Q

what cell is hard to see histologically everywhere but the Golgi apparatus? it is distinguishable by its ‘clock face’ with a clearing behind

A

the perinucluar hoff of a plasma cell

28
Q

how does a lysosome mantain its acidic pH?

A

H+/K+ ATPase transporters

29
Q

how big are:

a) microtubules
b) intermediate filaments
c) microfilaments

A

a) 25 nm
b) 10nm
c) 5-7nm

30
Q

what motor proteins do microfilaments contain?

A

tubulin

31
Q

what is the function of a microtubule?

A

site of mitosis

acts as a component of cilia

32
Q

what is the function of intermediate filaments? of the cytoskeleton

A

contains no motor proteins

maintains cel integrity (shape)

33
Q

what is the function of a microfilament?

A

shape + motility

34
Q

what motor proteins do microtubules contain?

A

myosin

35
Q

how do lipofusin come across histolgoyicall?

A

brownish stains

36
Q

what is glycoprotein?

A

glucose reserve in skeletal muscle and liver

1 IMMS (4 decks)

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