Cell organelles

Question 1

Mitochondria

Answer 1

• has double membrane
• inner membrane folded (cristae) which increases surface area.
• used to convert chemical energy in food to ATP.
• contain own DNA
• power house of the cell

Question 2

lysosme

Answer 2

• attach to food vacuoles & digest their contents.
• destroy old or malfunctioning cell parts.
• capable of destroying bacteria (hydrolysis).
• made by golgi apparatus
• double membraned vacuoles w/hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes.
• AKA “suicide sacs”

Question 3

Goligi apparatus

Answer 3

• made up of flattened saccules of cell membrane.
• one side faces ER other faces plasma membrane.
• usually has vesicles on edges
• They recieve, modify, and temperarily store proteins & fats from the rough and smooth ER.

Question 4

Vesicles

Answer 4

• storage sacs of membrane.
• used to move substances around the cell that need to be seperate from cytoplasm.
• stores food, water, and waste

Question 5

Smooth ER

Answer 5

• has no ribosomes
• makes lipids & steroids
• detoxifies harmful material or waste products

Question 6

Plasma membrane

Answer 6

• composed of a bi-layer of phospholids w/proteins embedded in it.
• SELECTIVELY controls what comes in and out cell

Question 7

ribosomes

Answer 7

• Made up of 2 subunits: one small and one large.
• site of protein synthesis
• may be found alone, in groups (polysomes) or attached to the ER

Question 8

Rough ER

Answer 8

• has attached ribosomes
• usually connected with nuclear membrane
• ribosomes make protiens & place them in rER
• packages proteins in transport vesicles & send to golgi.

Question 9

Chromatin

Answer 9

• densely coiled DNA wrapped around histone protiens.
• contains blueprint for all proteins in the body.
• condensed into chromosomes before cell replication

Question 10

cytoplasm

Answer 10

a watery gel that supports organelles and provides water for all of the cell’s biochemistry

Question 11

Nuclear envelope

Answer 11

• double layer of cell membrane, which contains very large pores.
• pores allow RNA, ribosomal subunits, & proteins in and out of the nucleus.

Question 12

nucleolus

Answer 12

-dark stained area in nucleus. is made up of proteins, DNA & RN.
-has no membrane
makes rRNA (ribosomal RNA) which makes ribosomes.

Question 13

Phagocytosis

Answer 13

cell eating

Question 14

pinocytosis

Answer 14

cell drinking

Question 15

photosynthesis

Answer 15

C6H12O6+O2

Question 16

Cellular respiration

Answer 16

C6H12O6+O2 - CO2+H2O+ATP

mitochondria

Question 17

Animal cell

Answer 17

• has no cell wall
• smaller
• nucleus in center
• Many vacuoles
• cannot synthesis nutrients
• no plasmodemata

Question 18

protein synthesis

Answer 18

proccess of creating protein molecule

Question 19

vacuole

Answer 19

larger and are formed by phagocytosis

-plant cells have large centeral vacuoles filled with water

Question 20

Facilitative transport

Answer 20

• high-low
• requires carrier protein
• passive= NO energy required
• large and charged molecules

Question 21

Active transport

Answer 21

• low to high
• requires carrier protein
• energy required
• large and charged molecules
• ex. sodium/potassium pump
• ex. thyroid gland and iodine

Question 22

Diffusion

Answer 22

• high to low
• NO carrier protein required
• passive=NO energy required
• very small (o2) and lipid soluble molecules (steroids)
• process of spreading particles
• gas and water
• ex. blood o2 and co2
• glucose in carrier proteins
• speed affected by in notes

Question 23

Osmosis

Answer 23

• Movement of water in and out cell
• high to low
• moves to more concentrated side
• cross membrane through protein ion channel
• ex. large intestines, kidneys

Question 24

Passive transport

Answer 24

-NO energy required transport

Question 25

cholesterols

Answer 25

control fluidity

Question 26

Protein channel

Answer 26

- go with concentration gradient - allows things to pass through - can reverse - sodium?potasium pump - doesnt require energy - intergal

Question 27

Carrier Protein

Answer 27

- can go against concentration gradient - can sometimes use energy - protects substances so enter cell safely - can reverse

Question 28

Glycoprotein

Answer 28

- used in signalling - attached carbohydrates chain - CARBOHYDRATES are important to cell recognition

Question 29

Glycolipids

Answer 29

-phospolipid with carbohydrate chain attached

Question 30

Cell recognition protein

Answer 30

- recognizes a certain substances and starts a response | - ex. immunity recognition

Question 31

Receptor protein

Answer 31

- has specific shape that certain molecules can bind to and may start a response - ex. human growth hormone binding

Question 32

enzymatic proteins

Answer 32

- catalyzes specific reactions | - ex. making ATP

Question 33

solute

Answer 33

particles which are dissolved in a solvent

Question 34

solvent

Answer 34

liquid which dissolves the solute

Question 35

Lysosome vs vacuoles

Answer 35

- vacuoles are usually larger - vacuoles are membrane bound space containing sap, water, excretory substances,etc. - lysosome are membrane bound organelles with hydrolic enzymes

Question 36

photosynthesis

Answer 36

CO2+H2O+light energy - glucose +O2

Question 37

cellular respiration

Answer 37

O2+ glucose - CO2+H2O+ATP