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BIO 12 > Cell organelles > Flashcards

Cell organelles Flashcards

learn organelles functions

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1
Q

Mitochondria

A
  • has double membrane
  • inner membrane folded (cristae) which increases surface area.
  • used to convert chemical energy in food to ATP.
  • contain own DNA
  • power house of the cell
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2
Q

lysosme

A
  • attach to food vacuoles & digest their contents.
  • destroy old or malfunctioning cell parts.
  • capable of destroying bacteria (hydrolysis).
  • made by golgi apparatus
  • double membraned vacuoles w/hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes.
  • AKA “suicide sacs”
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3
Q

Goligi apparatus

A
  • made up of flattened saccules of cell membrane.
  • one side faces ER other faces plasma membrane.
  • usually has vesicles on edges
  • They recieve, modify, and temperarily store proteins & fats from the rough and smooth ER.
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4
Q

Vesicles

A
  • storage sacs of membrane.
  • used to move substances around the cell that need to be seperate from cytoplasm.
  • stores food, water, and waste
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5
Q

Smooth ER

A
  • has no ribosomes
  • makes lipids & steroids
  • detoxifies harmful material or waste products
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6
Q

Plasma membrane

A
  • composed of a bi-layer of phospholids w/proteins embedded in it.
  • SELECTIVELY controls what comes in and out cell
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7
Q

ribosomes

A
  • Made up of 2 subunits: one small and one large.
  • site of protein synthesis
  • may be found alone, in groups (polysomes) or attached to the ER
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8
Q

Rough ER

A
  • has attached ribosomes
  • usually connected with nuclear membrane
  • ribosomes make protiens & place them in rER
  • packages proteins in transport vesicles & send to golgi.
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9
Q

Chromatin

A
  • densely coiled DNA wrapped around histone protiens.
  • contains blueprint for all proteins in the body.
  • condensed into chromosomes before cell replication
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10
Q

cytoplasm

A

a watery gel that supports organelles and provides water for all of the cell’s biochemistry

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11
Q

Nuclear envelope

A
  • double layer of cell membrane, which contains very large pores.
  • pores allow RNA, ribosomal subunits, & proteins in and out of the nucleus.
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12
Q

nucleolus

A

-dark stained area in nucleus. is made up of proteins, DNA & RN.
-has no membrane
makes rRNA (ribosomal RNA) which makes ribosomes.

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13
Q

Phagocytosis

A

cell eating

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14
Q

pinocytosis

A

cell drinking

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15
Q

photosynthesis

A

C6H12O6+O2

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16
Q

Cellular respiration

A

C6H12O6+O2 - CO2+H2O+ATP

mitochondria

17
Q

Animal cell

A
  • has no cell wall
  • smaller
  • nucleus in center
  • Many vacuoles
  • cannot synthesis nutrients
  • no plasmodemata
18
Q

protein synthesis

A

proccess of creating protein molecule

19
Q

vacuole

A

larger and are formed by phagocytosis

-plant cells have large centeral vacuoles filled with water

20
Q

Facilitative transport

A
  • high-low
  • requires carrier protein
  • passive= NO energy required
  • large and charged molecules
21
Q

Active transport

A
  • low to high
  • requires carrier protein
  • energy required
  • large and charged molecules
  • ex. sodium/potassium pump
  • ex. thyroid gland and iodine
22
Q

Diffusion

A
  • high to low
  • NO carrier protein required
  • passive=NO energy required
  • very small (o2) and lipid soluble molecules (steroids)
  • process of spreading particles
  • gas and water
  • ex. blood o2 and co2
  • glucose in carrier proteins
  • speed affected by in notes
23
Q

Osmosis

A
  • Movement of water in and out cell
  • high to low
  • moves to more concentrated side
  • cross membrane through protein ion channel
  • ex. large intestines, kidneys
24
Q

Passive transport

A

-NO energy required transport

25
Q

cholesterols

A

control fluidity

26
Q

Protein channel

A
  • go with concentration gradient
  • allows things to pass through
  • can reverse
  • sodium?potasium pump - doesnt require energy
  • intergal
27
Q

Carrier Protein

A
  • can go against concentration gradient
  • can sometimes use energy
  • protects substances so enter cell safely
  • can reverse
28
Q

Glycoprotein

A
  • used in signalling
  • attached carbohydrates chain
  • CARBOHYDRATES are important to cell recognition
29
Q

Glycolipids

A

-phospolipid with carbohydrate chain attached

30
Q

Cell recognition protein

A
  • recognizes a certain substances and starts a response

- ex. immunity recognition

31
Q

Receptor protein

A
  • has specific shape that certain molecules can bind to and may start a response
  • ex. human growth hormone binding
32
Q

enzymatic proteins

A
  • catalyzes specific reactions

- ex. making ATP

33
Q

solute

A

particles which are dissolved in a solvent

34
Q

solvent

A

liquid which dissolves the solute

35
Q

Lysosome vs vacuoles

A
  • vacuoles are usually larger
  • vacuoles are membrane bound space containing sap, water, excretory substances,etc.
  • lysosome are membrane bound organelles with hydrolic enzymes
36
Q

photosynthesis

A

CO2+H2O+light energy - glucose +O2

37
Q

cellular respiration

A

O2+ glucose - CO2+H2O+ATP

BIO 12 (3 decks)

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