Cell Organelles Flashcards
Function Of Plasma Membrane
Regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell. It also has receptor molecules on it, which allow it to respond to chemicals like hormones
Function Of Cell Wall
Supports Plant Cell
Function Of Nucleus
The nucleus controls the cells activities. DNA contains instructions to make proteins. The pores allow substances for example RNA to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The nucleus makes ribosomes.
Function Of a lysosome
Contains digestive enzymes. These are kept separate from the cytoplasm by surrounding membrane, and can be used to digest invading cells or to break down worn out components of the cell
Function of Ribosomes
The site where proteins are made (protein synthesis)
Function of Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Folds and processes proteins that have been made at the ribosomes.
Function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Synthesises and processes lipids
Function of vesicle
Transports substances in and out of the cell (via the plasma membrane) and between organelles. Some are formed but the Golgi apparatus or the endoplasmic reticulum, while the others are formed at the cell surface
Function of Golgi apparatus
It processes and packages new lipids and proteins. It also makes lysosomes
Function of mitochondria
The site of aerobic respiration where ATP is produced. They’re found in large numbers in cells that are very active and require lots of energy
Function of chloroplast
The site where photosynthesis takes place. Some parts of photosynthesis happen in the grana, and other paths happen I’m the stroma (a thick fluid found in the chloroplasts)
Function of centrioles
Involved with the separation of chromosomes during cell division
Function of cilia
The microtubules allow the cilia to move. The movement is used by the cell to move substances along the cell surface
Function of flagellum
The microtubules contract to make flagellum move. Flagella are used like outboard motors to propel cells forward.
Structure of Nucleus
A large organelle surround by the nuclear envelope which contains many pores. The nucleus contains chromatin (which is made from DNA and proteins) and a structure called the nucleolus
Structure of lysosome
A round organelle surrounded by no membrane, with a no clear internal structure
Structure of ribosome
A very small organelle that either floats free in the cytoplasm or is attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.It’s made up of proteins and rna. It’s not surrounded my a membrane.
Structure of rough endoplasmic reticulum
A system of membranes enclosing a fluid flooded space. The surface is covered with ribosomes
Structure of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Similar to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, but with no ribosomes
Structure of vesicles
A small fluid filled sac in the cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane
Structure of Golgi apparatus
A group of fluid filled, membrane bound, flattened sacs. Vesicles are often seen at the edges of the sacs
Structure of mitochondria
Oval shaped
They have a double membrane- the inner one is folded to form structures called cristae. Inside is the matrix, which contains enzymes involved in respiratio.
Structure of choloroplast
A small flattened structure found in plants cells. It’s surrounded by a double membrane, and also has membranes inside called thylakoid membranes. These membranes are stacked up in some parts of the Grana. Grana are linked together by lamellae - thin flat pieces of thylakoid membranes
Structure of centrioles
Small, hollow cylinders, made of microtubules (tiny protein cylinders). Found in animal cells, but only some plants
Structure of cilia
Small hair like structures found on the surface membrane of some animal cells. In cross sections, they have an outer membrane and a ring of nine pairs of protein microtubules inside, with two microtubules in the middle.
Structure of flagellum
Flagellum on eukaryotic cells are like cilia but longer. They stick out of the cell surface and are surrounded by the plasma membrane. Inside they’re like cilia too
