cell organelle organisation

Question 1

What size cells do prokaryotes have? eukaryotes?

Answer 1

P have 1-10um
E have 10-100um

Question 2

What are the ribosomes like in Prokaryotic cells? Eukaryotic?

Answer 2

P has smaller ribosomes which are free in the cytoplasm and E has larger ribosomes which are bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 3

Are P cell organelles membrane bound? E cells?

Answer 3

P aren’t
E are

Question 4

What is the nucleus like in P cells? E cells?

Answer 4

P has DNA free in cytoplasm and E has DNA contained in nucleus

Question 5

Describe the membrane in P cells and E cells.

Answer 5

P has no nuclear envelope, it has a double membrane and E’s nucleus has a double membrane

Question 6

Plasmids in P and E cells?

Answer 6

P has plasmids present and E has no plasmids

Question 7

What is the cell wall made out of in P cells? E cells?

Answer 7

P has a cell wall made of peptidoglycan and E has a cell wall made of cellulose

Question 8

How do P cells respire? E cells?

Answer 8

P has no mitochondria, uses mesosome and E has a mitochondria, no mesosome

Question 9

What points would you discuss when comparing the differences and similarities of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 9

1.size
2.ribosomes
3.membrane bound organelles
4.nucleus
5. membrane
6. plasmids
7. cell walls
8. respiration

Question 10

What is a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 10

cells that contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

Question 11

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 11

single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

Question 12

what is the structure of a generalised virus?

Answer 12

protein coat, envelope protein, viral genome and nucleocapsid

Question 13

what are tissues?

Answer 13

a group of cells working together with a common structure and function

Question 14

What are the three different tissue types that mammals have?

Answer 14

• epithelial
• muscular
• connective

Question 15

Where is the epithelial tissue found? give two examples

Answer 15

Covers and lines the body as continuous layer, found lining the intestines and trachea

Question 16

Where do these epithelial cells usually sit? And what it this made out of?

Answer 16

usually sit on a basement membrane made of collagen and protein

Question 17

What are the three general shapes/types of the epithelial cell tissues?

Answer 17

-cuboidal
-columnar
-squamus

Question 18

When cuboidal tissue is simple, what does this means in terms of diffusion? And stratified?

Answer 18

simple - only one layer so diffusion happens quickly
stratified - many layers so diffusion happens slowly

Question 19

Describe cuboidal epithelium, including where it is commonly found. (3)

Answer 19

-it is the simplest form
-tissue is just one cell thick
-it is commonly found lining kidney tubes and ducts of glands

Question 20

Describe columnar epithelium, including where it’s found and what it may have present. (3)

Answer 20

-elongated cells
-found lining tubes which transport substances like muchus in the bronchi
- may have cilia present

Question 21

Describe squamus epithelium, including where it’s found. (2)

Answer 21

• consists of flattened cells
  -found in the alveoli and lining arteries

Question 22

What are the three kinds of muscular tissue?

Answer 22

-skeletal muscle
-smooth muscle
-cardiac muscle

Question 23

Describe skeletal muscle. (4)

Answer 23

• bonds of long cells or fibres giving powerful contractions
• facilitates movement
• voluntary muscle
• striated muscle

Question 24

Describe smooth muscle. (4)

Answer 24

• individual spindle-shaped cells which can contract muscle, but not as powerful as skeletal muscle
• occurs in the skin, blood vessels, digestive system
• involuntary muscle
• unstriated muscle

Question 25

Describe cardiac muscle. (4)

Answer 25

- only found in the heart - doesn't fatigue - cells are striated but don't have long muscle fibres - contract rhythmically without stimulation(nerves, hormones), can modify contractions

Question 26

What does connective tissue support or separate?

Answer 26

the different types of tissue and organs of the body

Question 27

What connects muscle to bone and what it is it made out of?

Answer 27

tendons, made out of collagen

Question 28

What are the connective tissue cells contained within and what may they be surrounded by?

Answer 28

contained within an extracellular fluid (matrix) and may be surrounded by elastic or collagenous fibres

Question 29

How are organ systems formed?

Answer 29

cells - tissues - organ - organ systems