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Cellular Biology > Cell Organelle FUnctions > Flashcards

Cell Organelle FUnctions Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Nuclear Pore

A

opening embedded with proteins that regulates passage into and out of the nucleus

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2
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

system of internal membranes that aids in the manufacture of carbohydrates and lipids

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3
Q

ribosomes

A

small complexes of RNA and protein that are the sites of protein synthesis

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4
Q

rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

internal membranes studded with ribosomes that carry out protien synthesis

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5
Q

Golgi Complex

A

collects, packages, and distributes molecules in the cell

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6
Q

Lysosome

A

vesicle (storage compartment) that breaks down macromolecules and digests worn out cell components

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7
Q

Plasma Membrane or Cell Membrance

A

surround the cell and determines what goes in and out of cell

Has a lipid bilayer in which proteins are embedded

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8
Q

Mitochondria

A

Organelle in which energy is extracted from food during oxidative metabolism, Breaks down glucose and makes ATP
Where cellular respiration takes place

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9
Q

cytoplasm

A

matrix to hold all cell parts

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10
Q

cytoskeleton

A

supports organelles and cell shape and plays a role in cell motion

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11
Q

Nucleus

A

command center of the cell

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12
Q

Nucleolus

A

site where ribosomes are produced\

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13
Q

Nuclear Envolope

A

double membrane between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

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14
Q

The cell membrane is composed of:

A

lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates

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15
Q

What are the predominant lipids of the cell membrane

A

phospholipids and cholesterol

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16
Q

Fluid Mosaic Model

A

This model suggests that the cell membrane is neither rigid not static in structure but is highly flexible and can change its shape and composition through time

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17
Q

The fluid nature of the lipid bilayer enables____.

A

Membranes to fuse with one another

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18
Q

Prokaryotes and examples

A

a cell that does not have a true nucleus or membrane bound organelles
Examples are bacteria and archaea

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19
Q

Eukaryotes and examples

A

organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles

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20
Q

Diffusion

A

the net movement of molecules from an area of relatively high concentration to relatively low concentration

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21
Q

Osmosis

A

the net diffusion of water across a membrane

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22
Q

Active transport

A

the high energy bond in ATP to provide the energy needed to move ions or molecules across the membrane

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23
Q

Passive Transport

A

Movement of ions and molecules across the plasma membrane without energy expenditure by the cell

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24
Q

Active Process/ Transport

A

require that the cell expend energy usually in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

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25
Q

Receptor Mediated Endocytosis

A

brings in specific particles using specific receptor sites on the membrane

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26
Q

3 types of Endocytosis

A

Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis and Receptor Mediated endocytosis

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27
Q

Sodium-Potassium Pump

A

Three sodium ions are pumped out of the cell while two potassium ions are moved into the cell

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28
Q

Exocytosis occurs where?

A

Golgi Apparatus

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29
Q

Exocytosis

A

a vesicle created on the inside the cell fuses with the cell membrane and discharges its contents into the extra cellular environment

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30
Q

Anabolisim

A

the energy requiring processes that allow for joining of small molecules to form larger molecules (building up)

31
Q

Catabolism

A

the energy releasing processes by which large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules (tearing down)

32
Q

Metobolism

A

the sum of all chemical reaction that occur in the body

33
Q

exchange pump

A

when an ion moves in one direction and another moves in opposite direction this carrier protein is called this

34
Q

Phagocytosis

A

cell “eating”/ produces vesicles fuses with lysosomes where upon its contents are digested by lysosomal enzymes

35
Q

pinocytosis

A

the formation of endosome filled with extracellular fluid and then deep groove or pocket forms off the cell membrane and then “pinches” off (Cell Drinking)

36
Q

Phospholipid are the main component of what?

A

Cell membrane

37
Q

Ion pumps

A

actively transport the cations sodium,potassium,calcium and magnesium across the cell membranes

38
Q

Direction of amino acids in ion pump

A

Out

39
Q

Direction of charged ions in ion pump

A

IN

40
Q

Isotonic

A

If a solution does not cause an osmotic flow of water into or out of a cell

41
Q

Filtration

A

hydrostatic pressure forcing water across a membrane and solute molecules may be transported with the water

42
Q

hypertonic

A

cell losing water by osmosis causing it to shrivel

43
Q

hypotonic

A

water will flow into cell causing it to swell up

44
Q

Purpose of Cholesterol in cell membrane is

A

maintain membranes integrity and decreasing fluidity

45
Q

tonicity

A

the effects of various osmotic solution on cells\

46
Q

Osmolarity/Osmotic Concentration

A

the total solute concentration in aqueous solution

47
Q

Interphase and Stage #

A

DNA is replicated cell prepares for mitosis Stage # 1

48
Q

Prophase and Stage #

A

chromatin condenses making chromosomes visible Stage # 2

49
Q

prometaphase and Stage #

A

Nuclear envelope breaks down Stage # 3

50
Q

Metaphase and Stage #

A

the chromosomes become aligned at the equatorial plane Stage #4

51
Q

Anaphase and Stage #

A

sister chromatids separate and resultant daughter chromosomes move towards poles Stage #5

52
Q

Telophase and Stage Number

A

Daughter chromosomes reach the poles and form new nuclei Stage # 6

53
Q

1st Cell Cycle Stages G1:

A

Growth

54
Q

2nd Cell Cycle Stages S:

A

DNA Synthesis

55
Q

3rd Cell Cycle Stage G2:

A

Growth and preparation for mitosis

56
Q

4th Cell Cycle Stage M:

A

Mitosis (Cell Division)

57
Q

Glucose +Oxygen–>

A

Carbon dioxide + water + energy

58
Q

ADP + P–>

A

ATP

59
Q

Anabolism end products

A

Biosynthesis of protiens lipids and polysaccharides

60
Q

Catabolism end products

A

oxidation of glucose and fats

61
Q

Reductive energy requiring

A

Anabolism

62
Q

Oxidative energy yeailding

A

catabolism

63
Q

in a Phospholipid bilayer the Head is?

A

Hydrophillic (water loving)

64
Q

in a Phospholipid bilayer the tail is?

A

Hydrophobic (water hating)

65
Q

Lipid fucntions

A

Insulate and protect, Regulate processes hormones
Compose plasma membranes,energy storage, secondary energy source

66
Q

Cytosol

A

cellular fluid (mainly water) with dissolved protiens,salts, sugars, and other solutes

67
Q

cytoplasm

A

cytosol and cellular membranes

68
Q

ICF

A

Intracellular fluid/fluid inside cell

69
Q

2/3 of what is in the bodys ICF?

A

H20

70
Q

ECF

A

Extracellular fluid/ fluid outside the cell

71
Q

3 types of ECF

A

Interstitial-fluid between/around cells
Intravascular-fluid in blood vessels
Transcellular-CSF,Synovial fluid etc

72
Q

1/3 of bodys H20 is where?

A

ECF

73
Q

Modern cell theory has two basic tenets:

A

All cells only come from other cells (the principle of biogenesis).
Cells are the fundamental units of organisms.

Cellular Biology (1 decks)

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