Cell Notes Flashcards
Organelle
The functional units of a cell
Cell wall
Structure: this layer of non living material
Function: protection and support
Cell membrane
Structure: permeable layer (things can get through it)
Function:controls what enters and leaves
Nucleus
Structure: organelle that contains genetic material (DNA) (chromatin)
Function: directs the cell’s activities
Nuclear membrane
Structure:thin layer surrounding nucleus
Function: protects the nucleus and decides what gets in and out
Nucleolus
Where ribosomes are made. Ribosomes are the organelles where proteins are made
Chloroplast
Structure: green bean shaped structure
Function: turns the sun’s energy into food (glucose/sugar) through photosynthesis
Mitochondria
Structure: rod shaped with folded membrane inside
Function: creates energy for the cell from food ( breaks down glucose during cellular respiration)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Structure: smooth or rough folded membrane ( rough means ribosomes are attached)
Function: carry proteins and other materials through the cell (specific transport)
Ribosome
Structure: small bean shaped organelle
Function: produces proteins for the cell- proteins= final product
Golgi bodies
Structure: flattened pouches arranged in layers
Function: received proteins and other materials package them and ship
Vacuole
Structure: large membrane bound pouch
Function: stores food, water, and other materials
Lysosomes
Structure:pocket of enzymes (things that break down things in a cell)
Function: enzymes digest food and dead cell parts
Chromatin (DNA)
Structure: DNA folded up like spaghetti
Function: is genetic information (DNA) with proteins (the code)
Cytoplasm
Structure: jelly-like substance that fills the space of the cell
Function: surrounds the organelles, takes up the rest of the space within the cell membrane and allows transport
