Cell Metabolism

Question 1

Chemical equation for glucose

Answer 1

C6H12O6

Question 2

Chemical equation for cellular respiration

Answer 2

C^6H^12O^6 + 6 O^2&raquo_space; 6 CO^2 + 6 H^2O + energy

Question 3

What are the three cycles of cellular respiration?

Answer 3

1. Glycolysis
2. The Kreb Cycle (Citric Acid)
3. Electron Transport Chain (oxidative phosphorylation)

Question 4

What is glycolysis?

Answer 4

Breaks down 1 glucose molecule (6 carbon sugar) into 2 pyruvate molecules (3 carbons).

Question 5

What does glycolysis require?

Answer 5

Uses 2 ATP

Question 6

What does glycolysis produce?

Answer 6

Produces 4 ATP (net production of 2 ATP), 2 pyruvates and 2 NADH.

Question 7

Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic?

Answer 7

Anaerobic (does not require oxygen).

Question 8

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 8

Cytoplasm

Question 9

Where does The Kreb Cycle occur?

Answer 9

Matrix of mitochondria

Question 10

What is the purpose of the Kreb Cycle?

Answer 10

Formation of Acetyl Coenzyme A.

Question 11

What has to happen before the Kreb Cycle?

Answer 11

One pyruvate molecule is oxidised (combines with oxygen) and leaves the cell as Co2. What is left is a 2 carbon compound known as Acetyl Coenzyme A which produces that 1 Co2 and 1 NADH.

Question 12

What occurs during the Kreb Cycle?

Answer 12

Acetyl CoA enters the matrix of the mitochondria and binds with a 4 carbon molecule (oxaloacetic acid) to make a 6 carbon molecule (citrate). This citrate moves through a series of chemical reactions & loses 2 Co2, ending up as oxaloacetic acid again.

Question 13

What does the Kreb Cycle produce?

Answer 13

Every turn of the cycle produces 1 ATP + 3NADH + 1 FADH^2 + 4Co2.
The cycle turns twice for every glucose that enters glycolysis.
1 glucose > 2 pyruvates > 2 acetyl CoA -> 2 ATP + 6 NADH + 2FADH2 + 4Co2 (+ 2NADH produced during acetyl formation).

Question 14

Is the Kreb Cycle aerobic or anaerobic?

Answer 14

Aerobic (requires oxygen).

Question 15

How many ATP does Acetyl Co-A formation produce?

Answer 15

6 ATP

Question 16

Where does the electron transport chain take place?

Answer 16

Inner mitochondrial membrane.

Question 17

What are NADH & FADH2?

Answer 17

Electron carrier molecules that collect the electrons that are produced when chemical reactions occur during glycolysis and the Kreb cycle and transport them to the electron transport chain.

Question 18

What is the process of the electron transport chain?

Answer 18

NADH & FADH2 donate electrons to acceptor proteins in the chain. The proteins pass the electrons down the chain. The movement of these electrons generates H+ ions to move out the inner membrane through the proteins. They move against the gradient in an attempt to get back in creating a proton gradient. This gradient moves the ATP synthase protein, and the H+ ions move through it, binding with ADP to form ATP & H2O.

Question 19

How many ATP does the electron transport chain produce?

Answer 19

32 ATP.

Question 20

In total, how many ATPs are produced from one glucose molecule?

Answer 20

Glycolysis: 2
Kreb Cycle: 2
Electron transport chain: 34

Question 21

Is the electron transport chain anaerobic or aerobic?

Answer 21

Aerobic (requires oxygen).

Question 22

What is anabolism?

Answer 22

When two or more reactants chemically combine to form a new and larger product, producing chemical bonds that store energy. Responsible for growth, maintenance and repair. Production of carbs, proteins, lipids & nucleic acids.

Question 23

What is catabolism?

Answer 23

When a large reactant is broken down to form smaller products. Bonds are broken to release energy.