Cell Metabolism Flashcards
Chemical equation for glucose
C6H12O6
Chemical equation for cellular respiration
C^6H^12O^6 + 6 O^2»_space; 6 CO^2 + 6 H^2O + energy
What are the three cycles of cellular respiration?
- Glycolysis
- The Kreb Cycle (Citric Acid)
- Electron Transport Chain (oxidative phosphorylation)
What is glycolysis?
Breaks down 1 glucose molecule (6 carbon sugar) into 2 pyruvate molecules (3 carbons).
What does glycolysis require?
Uses 2 ATP
What does glycolysis produce?
Produces 4 ATP (net production of 2 ATP), 2 pyruvates and 2 NADH.
Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic?
Anaerobic (does not require oxygen).
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm
Where does The Kreb Cycle occur?
Matrix of mitochondria
What is the purpose of the Kreb Cycle?
Formation of Acetyl Coenzyme A.
What has to happen before the Kreb Cycle?
One pyruvate molecule is oxidised (combines with oxygen) and leaves the cell as Co2. What is left is a 2 carbon compound known as Acetyl Coenzyme A which produces that 1 Co2 and 1 NADH.
What occurs during the Kreb Cycle?
Acetyl CoA enters the matrix of the mitochondria and binds with a 4 carbon molecule (oxaloacetic acid) to make a 6 carbon molecule (citrate). This citrate moves through a series of chemical reactions & loses 2 Co2, ending up as oxaloacetic acid again.
What does the Kreb Cycle produce?
Every turn of the cycle produces 1 ATP + 3NADH + 1 FADH^2 + 4Co2.
The cycle turns twice for every glucose that enters glycolysis.
1 glucose > 2 pyruvates > 2 acetyl CoA -> 2 ATP + 6 NADH + 2FADH2 + 4Co2 (+ 2NADH produced during acetyl formation).
Is the Kreb Cycle aerobic or anaerobic?
Aerobic (requires oxygen).
How many ATP does Acetyl Co-A formation produce?
6 ATP
Where does the electron transport chain take place?
Inner mitochondrial membrane.
What are NADH & FADH2?
Electron carrier molecules that collect the electrons that are produced when chemical reactions occur during glycolysis and the Kreb cycle and transport them to the electron transport chain.
What is the process of the electron transport chain?
NADH & FADH2 donate electrons to acceptor proteins in the chain. The proteins pass the electrons down the chain. The movement of these electrons generates H+ ions to move out the inner membrane through the proteins. They move against the gradient in an attempt to get back in creating a proton gradient. This gradient moves the ATP synthase protein, and the H+ ions move through it, binding with ADP to form ATP & H2O.
How many ATP does the electron transport chain produce?
32 ATP.
In total, how many ATPs are produced from one glucose molecule?
Glycolysis: 2
Kreb Cycle: 2
Electron transport chain: 34
Is the electron transport chain anaerobic or aerobic?
Aerobic (requires oxygen).
What is anabolism?
When two or more reactants chemically combine to form a new and larger product, producing chemical bonds that store energy. Responsible for growth, maintenance and repair. Production of carbs, proteins, lipids & nucleic acids.
What is catabolism?
When a large reactant is broken down to form smaller products. Bonds are broken to release energy.
