Cell Metabolism 1 minus glycolysis Flashcards
3 fates of pyruvate?
alcohol fermentation, lactate and acetyl CoA generation
What is the creatine phosphate reaction?
Creatine phosphate is broken down into creatine, ATP is produced and the reaction is catalysed by creatine kinase
Thiamine pyrophosphate is a cofactor of what?
PDH complex, which readily loses a proton so the resulting carbanion attacks pyruvate
3 symptoms of Beri Beri disease?
Damage to peripheral nervous system, weakness of the musculature and reduced cardiac output
Why is the brain particularly vulnerable to thiamine deficiency?
It relies heavily on glucose metabolism
What 4 important molecules are produced in the TCA cycle?
- 2 x CO2 (waste)
- 1 x FADH2
- 1 x GTP (Guanosine Triphosphate)
- 3 x NADH
What reacts in a transamination reaction?
An amino acid and a keto acid
Cytoplasmic glycerol-3-phosphate deyhdrogenase does what?
Transfers electrons from NADH to DHAP to generate glycerol-3-phosphate
What happens in the second stage of the glycerol phosphate shuttle?
Membrane bound form of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydorgenase transfers electrons from glycerol-3-phosphate to FAD. They then get passed to co-enzyme Q
What is the first step of the malate-aspartate shuttle?
Oxaloacetate is reduced to malate by MDH(malate dehydrogenase) and NADH is oxidised to NAD+. Malate is transported into the mitochondria
What is the other enzyme involved in the malate-aspartate shuttle?
Aspartate transaminase
What effect do TCA gene mutations lead to in cancer cells?
The Wharburg Effect, where lactate is produced from glycolysis even with plenty of oxygen available
What is the function of lactate dehydrogenase?
Catalyses the reduction of pyruvate, regenerating NAD+
In the malate-aspartate shuttle, which pair of keto acid and amino acid give rise to α-ketoglutarate and aspartate in a transamination reaction?
glutamate and oxaloacetate
