Cell membrane/ gas exchange in plants/ transport in plants Flashcards

1
Q

what is simple diffusion

A

is from high to low concentration, it happens directly across a plasma membrane and molecules move down their concentration gradient

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2
Q

what is osmosis

A

molecule being moved is water, it occurs when movement of molecules is blocked by a selectively permeable membrane and water moves until solutions on either side of membrane reach equilibrium

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3
Q

what is facilitated diffusion

A

this process does not require energy, occurs when molecules move down their concentration gradient across membrane using help of transport proteins.

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4
Q

what is active trasnport?

A

is when molecules move from low to high concentration, against the concentration gradient, energy required is ATP!

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5
Q

describe a isotonic solution

A

solution has same concen as another solution, there is so net movement of water and cells stay the same

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6
Q

what is a hypertonic solution?

A

when the solution has a higher SOLUTE concen and water moves out of the cell, causing crenation and the cells will shrink

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7
Q

what is a hypotonic solution?

A

solution has lower solute concen causing water to move into the cell and then the cells will lyse and burst because they get so full.

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8
Q

do the three solutions( iso, hypo, etc) have diff effects on animals and plant cells?

A

plant cells do not respond the same in these solutions because after their plasma memebrane they have a hard cell wall.

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9
Q

what is passive transport?

A

process requires no energy includes diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion and requires assistance of transport proteins.

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10
Q

what is active transport?

A

requires energy, and is the transport of smaller molecules against the concen gradient, it includes exo/endocytosis and bulk transport.

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11
Q

what is solute

A

in which molecules are dissolved in a solvent, in biology the solvent is always water.

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12
Q

what is a solution?

A

term used for the solute plus water mixed together.

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13
Q

what is a solute concentration?

A

the amount of solute in the solution.

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14
Q

what is exo and endocytosis?

A

exo- molecules moved thru vesicles, when the vesicle inside cell fuses with the plasma membrane and the vesicle contents are then again released into the cell.

endo-when the plasma membrane folds in and surrounds molecule for transport, then pinches off of plasma membrane and forms a vesicle inside the cell.

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15
Q

what is the structure of the plasma membrane?

A

composed of a bilayer of phospolipids. they have a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail. this membrane is selectively permeable.

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16
Q

what are channel proteins

A

are tunnels thru the plasma membrane , which can allow molecules to go thru freely

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17
Q

what are carrier proteins

A

open and close to let ONLY certain molecules in and others are not allowed inside.

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18
Q

what is gas exchange

A

process of taking up gases from environment and into the cell then releasing the gases from the cell into the environment.

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19
Q

what are stomata

A

is flanked by two specialized cells called guard ells which chnage the shape when water moves in or out of them causing the stomata to open and close

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20
Q

what are guard cells

A

are bean shaped cells, become turgid when water enters, opening the stomata

and become flaccid when water exits, closing the stomata

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21
Q

explain gas exchange in leaves

A

leaves have many air spaces that allow contact between air and cells, and plant leaves maximize this because they have a large surface area to allow this to happen

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22
Q

how does gas exchange happen in roots

A

in soil, there are air pockets where the plant roots can exchange gases

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23
Q

difference between new and old roots in gas exchange

A

in new roots- there are roots hairs that allow surface area for gas exchange.

older roots- have branches so they can gas exchange thru the bark.

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24
Q

list some mechanisms of short distance transport

A

diffusion- used by vascular plants to transport c02 and 02 in and out the stomata
cytoplasmic streaming- when cellular components and chemicals are carried between cells and the plasmodesmata

25
Q

what is transpiration

A

when water is constantly re-circulated thru vertebrate bodies via the circulatory system

26
Q

describe the cohesion-tension model

A

when there is tension created by the evaporation of water so water gets pulled from xylem to nearby mesophyll cells

27
Q

what is cohesion

A

the attraction between same substance molecules.

28
Q

what is adhesion

A

the attraction between different substance molecules

29
Q

describe root pressure

A

when transpiration is slow, water flows intot he xylem by osmosis and creates a positive pressure in the roots

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