Cell Mediators of Inflammation (complete) Flashcards
Name examples of etiologic process that might incite an inflammatory response
1) infections
2) pathogens
3) trauma
4) compromised blood flow
Discuss the role that inflammatory mediators play in cell-cell communication
1) recruit help
2) vasodilation, ^ blood flow
3) ^ permeability
4) recognition
5) clear/remove offending material
6) collateral damage
7) repair
What does pre-formed mean?
Stored in secretory vesicles
Describe histamine (class/nature, primary source, actions)
C/N: Vasoactive amine, pre-formed
PS: mast cells, basophils, platelets
A: vasodilation, vascular permeability, constrict bronchial SM
Describe serotonin (class/nature, primary source, actions)
C/N: vasoactive amine, pre-formed
PS: platelets
A: vascular permeability
Describe prostaglandins (class/nature, primary source, actions)
C/N: eicosanoid (lipid)
PS: mast cells, basos, platelets, macros, lymphocytes, PMNs, endo cells
A: vasodilation, platelet aggr., fever, pain
Describe leukotrienes (class/nature, primary source, actions)
C/N: eicosanoid (lipid)
PS: mast cells, macros, lymphs, PMNs,
A: vasc. permeability, WBC chemotaxia
Describe thromboxanes (class/nature, primary source, actions)
C/N: eicosanoid (lipid)
PS: platelets
A: vasocontriction, platelet aggre.
Describe platelet activating factor (class/nature, primary source, actions)
C/N: phospholipid
PS: mast cells, platelets, macros, PMNs, endo cells
A: vasodilation at [low], vasoconstrict, vasc permeability at [low], WBC chemotaxia, platelet aggr., bronchial constrict
Describe ROSs (class/nature, primary source, actions)
C/N: O2 based
PS: Macros, lymphs, PMNs
A: tissue/microbe damage
Describe NO (class/nature, primary source, actions)
C/N: oxygen/nitrogen based
PS: macros, endo cells
A: vasodilation, vasc permeability, bronchial relaxation, tissue/microbe damage (iNOS)
Describe tumor necrosis factor – TNF (class/nature, primary source, actions)
C/N: cytokine
PS: mast cell, basos, macros, lymphs
A: WBC chemotaxia, fever, stimulates clotting
Describe interleukins (class/nature, primary source, actions)
C/N: cytokine
PS: macros, endo cells
A: WBC chemotaxia, fever
Describe interferons (class/nature, primary source, actions)
C/N: cytokine
PS: n/a
A: n/a
Describe chemokines (class/nature, primary source, actions)
C/N: cytokine
PS: mast cells, basos, macros, lymphs, endo cells
A: n/a
Describe cytoplasmic granule content (class/nature, primary source, actions)
C/N: enzymes, pre-formed
PS: macros, PMNs
A: WBC chemotaxia, tissue/microbe damage
Describe substance P (class/nature, primary source, actions)
C/N: neuro-peptide
PS: nerve fibers
A: vasc permeability, pain
Describe C3a, C5a (class, primary source, actions)
C: complement cascade
PS: liver
A: vasodilation, mast cell stimulation, vasc permeability, WBC chemotaxia, tissue/microbe damage
C5a —> think analphylaxis
Describe bradykinin (class, primary source, actions)
C: kinins
PS: liver
A: vasodilation, vasc permeability, SM constriction, pain
Describe thrombin (class, primary source, actions)
C: coag. cascade
PS: liver
A: WBC chemotaxia,
Describe plasmin (class, primary source, actions)
C: coag cascade
PS: liver
A: vasodilation
What are the key mediators for blood vessel changes (vasodilation, vascular permeability)?
1) prostaglandins
2) NO
3) histamine
4) serotonin
5) C3a and C5a
6) bradykinin
7) leukotrienes
8) PAF
9) substance P
What are the key mediators for WBC changes (chemotaxis)?
1) TNF
2) chemokines
3) C3a, C5a
4) leukotriene
What are the key mediators for microbial effect and tissue damage (collateral damage)?
1) ROS
2) NO
3) Lysosomal enzymes
What are the key mediators for pain?
1) prostaglandins
2) bradykinin
3) substance P
What are the key mediators for fever?
1) IL-1, TNF
2) prostaglandins
Describe the activation of Factor XII by exposure to collagen/basement membrane in setting of increased vascular permeability
Factor XII is activated to XIIa
Leads to 1 of 3 pathways:
1) Coagulation pathway
2) Fibrinolysis pathway
3) Kallikrein pathway
Describe the activation of thrombin (coagulation pathway)
- Factor XIIa activates clotting cascade —» activates thrombin
- Thrombin (a protease) concerts fribrinogen to fibrin —» clot formation - Thrombin binds to platelets, endo cells, SM receptors — PROTEASE-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS
Promotes formation of…
1) prostaglandins
2) cytokines
3) platelet activating factor
4) NO
Describe the activation of plasmin (fibrinolysis pathway)
- Plasmin formed from plasminogen
- Cleaves fibrin to form fibrin degradation products
- INCREASE vascular permeability
- Activates C3 to C3a
Think Anaphylatoxin for C3a
Describe the activation of the Kallikrein/Kinin system
- Formation of Factor XIIa causes pre-kallikrein to be converted to kallikrein protease
- Kallikrein activates high MW kininogen (HMWK) to bradykinin
- Bradykinin activates C5 to C5a
Think Anaphylatoxin for C5a
