Cell Injury Generally

Question 1

What is cell injury ?

Answer 1

Biochemical or /& morphological changes that occur when the state of homeostasis is affected by adverse influences

Question 2

Types of cell injury according to severity

Answer 2

1. Mild cell injury —— > reversible cell injury
2. Severe cell injury ——— > irreversible cell injury

Question 3

Reversible cell injury definition :

Answer 3

The cell can recover after the removal of the adverse influence

Question 4

Irreversible cell injury :

Answer 4

The cell can not recover after the removal of adverse influence

Question 5

Causes of cell injury :

Answer 5

1. Oxygen deprivation 2. Nutrient imbalances
2. Chemical , physical or infectious agents
3. Aging
4. Immunologic reactions
5. Genetic defects

Question 6

Oxygen deprivation effect :

Answer 6

• Hypoxia = oxygen deficiency , interferes with aerobic oxidative respiration

Question 7

What cause hypoxia are :

Answer 7

1. Ischemia = loss of blood supply
2. Inadequate oxygenation of the blood
3. Reduction in oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood

Question 8

Ischemia causes :

Answer 8

1. Arterial occlusion
2. Loss of venous drainage

Question 9

Inadequate oxygenation :

Answer 9

Diseases in the lung as pneumonia

Question 10

Reduction of oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood :

Answer 10

1. Carbon Monoxide poisoning
2. Anemia

Question 11

Nutrition imbalance:

Answer 11

1. Excess of nutrition —> obesity —-> DM , hypertension, cancers OR atherosclerosis
2. Nutrition deficiency 1. Calorie insufficiency (protein ) ….. poor population
   2. Vitamin deficiency as scurvy and rickets

Question 12

Physical agents

Answer 12

1. Extreme of temperature
2. Electric shock
3. Trauma
4. Radiation
   5.sudden changes in atmospheric pressure

Question 13

Chemical agents ( poisons ) examples :

Answer 13

1. Air pollutants. 2. CO 3. Oxygen in high partial pressure 4. Asbestos 5. Ethanol 6. Insecticides

Question 14

How chemical agents cause cell injury :

Answer 14

1. Increasing membrane permeability as mercury in mercuric chloride poisoning
   2.binding to mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase as cyanide

Question 15

Infectious agents

Answer 15

All viruses can cause cell injury and bacteria depending on specific criteria

Question 16

Bacterial ability to cause injury :

Answer 16

1. Its ability to adhere and enter host cells
2. Its ability to cause hypersensitivity reaction
3. Its ability to deliver endo or exogenous toxins

Question 17

Genetic defects

Answer 17

As in sickle cell anemia and Down syndrome

Question 18

Aging

Answer 18

• affects the replication ability of the cells