Cell Injury Flashcards
What happens in hereditary haemochromatosis
Increased absorption of dietary iron
What does increased absorption of iron cause
Deposits in skin, liver, pancreas, heart and endocrine organs. Associated with scarring in liver and pancreas
Symptoms of hereditary haemochromatosis
Liver damage, heart dysfunction, (pancreatic) endocrine failure
Treatment for hereditary haemochromatosis
Repeated bleeding
Inheritance pattern of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
Autosomal recessive
What is alpha-1 antitryspin
A protease inhibitor which deactivates enzymes released from neutrophils at the site of inflammation
What happens in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
Liver produces incorrectly folded version, cannot be packaged by ER, accumulates here leading to hepatic damage/cirrhosis.
Systemic deficiency means proteases in lungs act unchecked, breaking down tissue, causing emphysema
What is coal-workers pneumoconiosis
Emphysema due to eg. Soot inhaled and phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages
What is anthracosis
Blackening of lungs
What does coal workers pneumoconiosis cause
Emphysema, anthracosis, blackened perinronchial lymph nodes (due to phagocytosis of soot/carbon by alveolar macrophages)
What would you see in serology for pancreatitis
Early- raised amylase
Late- raised lipase
Explain how pancreatitis can cause hypocalcaemia
Lipase leaks out of pancreatic cells into abdominal cavity, breaking down triglycerides, causing fat necrosis. Calcium salts precipitate here forming calcium soaps, decreasing systemic calcium.
What happens in 10% of cases of pancreatitis
Glycosuria
What would a LFT show in hepatitis
Raised ALT, ALP, AST
Raised bilirubin
Low albumin
Raised PT, APTT
Hepatitis B serology
Surface antigen -> E antigen -> core antibody (IgM) -> E antibody -> surface antibody -> core antibody (IgG)
