Cell Injury

Question 1

List the cellular changes due to reversible cell injury:

Answer 1

Hydropic swelling, distention of endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial swelling, plasma membrane blebs, nucleolar fibrillar/granular changes

Question 2

Cellular and ultrastructural changes are mediated by a decrease in:

Answer 2

ATP

Question 3

List the sources of persistent cell stress:

Answer 3

1. Functional demand (work load)
2. Oxygen supply (blood supply)
3. Nutrient supply (blood supply)
4. Trophic signals (hormones, growth factors)
5. Persistent cell injury (chronic inflammation)
6. Aging

Question 4

List the morphological reactions to persistent stress:

Answer 4

1. Atrophy (decrease in cell size or function)
2. Hypertrophy (increase in cell size or function)
3. Hyperplasia (increase in cell number)
4. Metaplasia (trans-differentiation, one to another)
5. Dysplasia (alterations in the uniformity of histogenesis)
   6.Neoplasia (new uncontrolled cell proliferation)
   7.Intracellular storage (exaggeration of a normal function)

Question 5

Define atrophy

Answer 5

decrease in cell size or function

Question 6

Define Hypertrophy

Answer 6

increase in cell size or function

Question 7

Define hyperplasia:

Answer 7

increase in cell number

Question 8

Define metaplasia

Answer 8

trans-differentiation, one to another

Question 9

Define dysplasia

Answer 9

alterations in the uniformity of histogenesis

Question 10

Define neoplasia

Answer 10

new uncontrolled cell proliferation

Question 10

Define intracellular storage:

Answer 10

exaggeration of a normal function

Question 10

Necrosis may be described morphologically as either:

Answer 10

coagulative, caseous, fat, fibrinous or liquefactive, depending on the tissue and type of injury.

Question 10

Reversible cell injury is often associated with:

Answer 10

Hydropic swelling

Question 10

Morphological adaptations to chronic injury include:

Answer 10

atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia and intracellular storage disorders.

Question 10

Liquefactive is associated with:

Answer 10

abscess, brain

Question 10

Caseous is associated with:

Answer 10

TB

Question 11

Fibrinoid is associated with:

Answer 11

Blood Vessels

Question 12

What is apoptosis?

Answer 12

Programmed cell death