Cell Facts Flashcards
Abundant in cells specialized in lipid metabolism. Well developed in cells that synthesize and secrete steroids. Plays a major role in detoxification. (Ex. Hepatocytes & detoxifying enzymes [Cytochrome P450 system]). Also functions to sequester calcium (create reservoirs) (ex. Muscle cells and sarcoplasmic reticulum.) Liver responsible for most of bodies detoxification.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (sER)
Well developed in secretory cells. (Plasma cells-antibodies; Pancreatic acinus cells-Digestive enzymes; Nerve cells-neurotransmitters.) Microtubule dependent (usually located near nucleus and centrosome). Flattened, membrane-enclosed cisternae. Cis near rER Trans away from rER
Golgi apparatus
Vesicles produced for continuous secretion (ex. Fibroblasts secreting ECM components)
Apical
Basolateral
Constitutive Secretory Pathway
Vesicles are stored & secreted with stimulus (ex. Neurons, Beta cells (endocrine) & acinar cells (exocrine) of pancreas
Regulated secretory pathway
Phosphorylation on attached manose
Manose-6-phosphate
Released as clathrate coated transport vesicle
Lysosomal pathway
Digestive organelles. Function in the controlled intracellular digestion of macromolecules.
Membrane enclosed compartments filled with ~40 types of hydrologic enzymes (Acid hydrolase, require acidic environment (Low pH ~4.7).
Formed from a fusion of endoscope or phagosome with MANOSE-6-PHOSPHATE (M6P) containing transport vesicle.
Protons actively pumped in to reduce the pH. Clathrine coating is lost, phosphate removed from M6P. (Allows acid hydrolases to become fully functional.
Lysosomes
Unattached to any membrane. (mRNA does NOT have ER signal sequence)
Synthesizes all other proteins: Nuclear proteins, Mitochondrial proteins, Cytosolic proteins, Peroxisomal proteins.
Free Ribosomes
At the periphery of the nucleus
Marginal chromatin
Discrete bodies of chromatin of irregular in size and shape that are found throughout the nucleus.
Karyosomes
A bunch of Karys (Karens) always discretely around.
Found in association with the nucleolus
Nucleolus-associated chromatin
Intermediate Filament.
Forms complex network from nucleus to plasma membrane in epithelial cells.
Epithelial cells. The major component in skin cells and hair.
Type II
Keratins
Intermediate Filament.
Support and structure.
Muscle Integrity
Type III
Desmin
Intermediate Filament
Support and Structure
Mesenchymal cells, fibroblast, endothelial cells, macrophages, melanocytes, Schwann cells, and lymphocytes
Type III
Vimentin
Mom picked up Schwanomas in Vietnam
Intermediate Filament
Structural role in the nucleus of all cells
Nucleus and every cell in the body
Type V
Nuclear lamina (lamins)
Inclusion
Brownish-gold pigment
Accumulates over years. “Wear and tear” pigment
Accumulation of oxidized lipids, phospholipids, metals and other organic molecules as a result of lysosomal digestion
Lipofusion
Inclusion
Dark brown/brown/reddish pigment produced by the oxidation of tyrosine • Produced by melanocytes in the skin & responsible for color of skin/hair pigmentation • Also produced by certain neurons of the brain.
Melanin
Inclusion
Non-membrane bound, TEM dense, Fat droplets.
Spherical droplets of triglyceride
Liquid at body temperature
Energy store and source of short carbon chains for membrane synthesis
Lipid
Inclusion
Non-membrane bound, TEM dense bodies
Single (beta) 20-30 nm particles or rosettes (alpha_
Storage form of glucose
Catabolism releases glucose for energy
Glycogen
