Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

chapter 4 > cell energy > Flashcards

cell energy Flashcards

1
Q

metabolism

A

chemical reactions in/of a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

simple diffusion

A

substance moves down its concentration gradient without the use of a transport protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Channel Protein

A

Allows a particular molecule or ion to cross the plasmamembrane freely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

endergonic reaction

A

requires input of energy (absorb energy) to proceed or build

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

oxidation–reduction (redox) reaction

A

transfers energized electrons fron one molecule to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

activation energy

A

amount of energy required to start a reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

positive feedback

A

amplifying or magnifying the change or output.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Going “up” a concentration gradient

A

From an area of lower to higher concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Going “down” a concentration gradient

A

From an area of higher to lower concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Concentration gradient

A

More of a substance on one side of the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cell Recognition Protein

A

glycoproteins that have several functions, such as recognition of pathogens. These proteins serve as a cell’s “identity badge”. If the cells of you immune system see a cell in your body that doesn’t have the correct glycoproteins sticking out of it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

plasma membrane function

A

Regulates the entrance and exit of molecules into and out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

isotonic solution

A

solute concentration is the same as the inside of the cell (equal inside and outside of cell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Enzymatic Protein

A

atalyzes a specific reaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

passive transport

A

does not require the cell to exert any of its energy to accomplish the movement involves diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

selective permeability

A

A feature and a function of the plasma membrane that is essential to maintain homeostasis by regulating the passage of some substances while preventing others from entering the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

plasma membrane structure

A

Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
Hydrophilic(water-loving) polar heads
Hydrophobic(water-fearing) nonpolar tails
Cholesterol (animal cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

measures food

A

kilocalories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

releases energy to fuel endergonic reactions

A

atp hydrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

potential energy

A

stored energy

chemical energy, concentration energy across a membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

2nd law of thermodynamics

A

energy transformations are inefficiant because every reaction loses some energy to the surroundings as heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

osmosis

A

simple diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Facilitated transport

A

Facilitated transportSmall molecules that are not lipid-solubleMolecules follow the concentration gradientEnergy is not require

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

1st law of thermodynamics

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed

can be converted to other forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
ATP hydrolysis
removing the endmost phosphate group of ATP to yield ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and a free phosphate group. The cell uses the released energy to do work
26
2 types of proteins located in the plasma membrane
Peripheral proteins –associated with only 1 side of membrane | Integral proteins –span the membrane and can protrude from 1 or both sides, Can move laterally
27
facilitated diffusion
substance move across membrane with assistance from transport proteins
28
kinetic energy
action, energy of motion | light, sound waves, moving objects
29
exocytosis
vesicle fuses with cell membrane, releasing substances outside of cell, becoming part of cytoplasma
30
example of diffusion
tea bag breathing blood cells
31
enzyme
organic molecule that catalyzes a chemical reaction without being consumed, most are proteins
32
cofacters
enzyme partner, must bepresent for enzme to catalyze a chemical reaction
33
phagocytosis Pinocytosis
cell captures and engulfs LARGE particles such as debri or even another cell Liquids and small particles dissolved in liquid
34
hypotonic solution
(more water in, less water out) solute concentration is lower than it is inside the cell, cell gains water
35
measures energy
calories
36
active site
region where substrates bind,they fit like puzzle pieces
37
what are some energy conversions that occur in cells
cellular respiration | photosynthesis
38
reduction
gain of electron
39
concentration gradient
occurs when the concentration of particles is higher in one area than another
40
what are the 3 enzme inhibiters
normal binding -active site, fits like a puzzle piece noncompetitive inhibition-substance binds in a place other than active site competative inhibition-physically blocks enzme's active site
41
negative feedback
feeds back to the input a part of a system's output so as to REVERSE the direction of change of the output. aka feedback inhibition
42
coupled reactions
simultaneous reactions in which one provides the energy that drives the other examples are atp hydrolysis and atp productions
43
diffusion
movement of molecules from an area where they are at a higher concentration to areas where they are at a lower concentration
44
Receptor Protein
shaped in such a way that a specific molecule can bind to it.
45
Entropy
randomness, disorder
46
active transport
carrier protein requires atp to move a substance against its concentration gradient example= sodium-potassium pump
47
phosphorylating
transferring its hosphate group to anothermolecule
48
hypertonic solution
(more water out, less in) higher concentration on the outside of the cell, cell loses water
49
Why do animals cells burst in a hypotonic solution but plant cells do not?
plant cells have cell walls and animal cells do not
50
Differentially permeableFactors that determine how a substance may be transported across a plasma membrane
Size | Nature of molecule –polarity, charg
51
study of energy transformations
thermodynamics
52
transport using vesicles
vesicles carry large partacles into or out of a cell, requires energy input
53
turgor pressure
resulting force of water against the cell wall ( a wilted leaf has lost its turgor pressure)
54
electron transport chain
each protein accepts an electron from the molecule before it and passes it to the next
55
oxidation
loss of electron
56
gradient
difference between two neighboring regions
57
factors that influence the rate of diffusion
Temperature-As temperature increases, the rate of diffusion increases Pressure Electrical currents Molecular size
58
Carrier Protein
electively interacts with a specific molecule or ion so that it can cross the plasma membrane
59
The sodium-potassium pump using what type of protein to transport across the plasma membrane
carrier protein
60
exergonic reaction
release energy to brake down
61
ATP structure
nucleotide consisting of adenine, ribose, and 3 phosphate groups
62
Energy
ability to do work
63
solutes
the substance that is being dissolved
64
ATP adenosine triphosphate
nucleotide temporarily stores potential energy in its high energy phosphate all cells depend on this to power their activities generated by cellular respiration
65
endocytosis
membrane engulfs incoming substance enclosing it in a vesicle, entering inside the cell
66
energy from exergonic reactions fuel
atp productions

chapter 4 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions