Cell Divisions: Meiosis and Mitosis Lab

Question 1

What is a diploid?

Answer 1

a cell with 2 sets of homologous chromosomes (2n)

Question 2

What is a haploid?

Answer 2

a cell with only 1 set of chromosomes (n)

Question 3

What is the cell cycle?

Answer 3

G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase, and Mitotic (M) phase

Question 4

How long does mitosis take in the cell cycle?

Answer 4

5 to 10% of the cell cycle

Question 5

G1 Phase

Answer 5

organelle duplication, growth, and 8-10 hours

Question 6

S Phase

Answer 6

DNA replicates, growth, and 6-8 hours

Question 7

G2 Phase

Answer 7

prepares for mitosis, growth, and 4-6 hours

Question 8

What four stages are in Mitosis?

Answer 8

prophase, metaphase anaphase, telophase (PMAT)

Question 9

What are the end result of mitosis?

Answer 9

exact copies of parent cell

Question 10

What happens during prophase?

Answer 10

nucleolus has disappeared and duplicated chromosomes are visible. Each chromatid is attached to a spindle fiber

Question 11

What happens during metaphase?

Answer 11

centromeres of duplicated chromosomes are aligned at the equator. Spindle fibers attached to the sister chromatids come from opposite spindle poles

Question 12

What happens during anaphase?

Answer 12

sister chromatids part and become daughter chromosomes that move toward the spindle poles

Question 13

What happens during telophase?

Answer 13

daughter cells are forming as nuclear envelopes and nucleoli reappear. Chromosomes will become indistinct chromatin

Question 14

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 14

the division of the cytoplasm

Question 15

When does cytokinesis occur?

Answer 15

begins in anaphase, continues in telophase, and reaches completion by the start of the next interphase

Question 16

What is meiosis?

Answer 16

a form of nuclear division that results in the gametes containing half the number of chromosomes found in the species

Question 17

What occurs during prophase I?

Answer 17

the chromosomes are in a fragmented nuclear envelope, and the homologues undergo crossing-over

Question 17

What results from meiosis?

Answer 17

results in the formation of 4 haploid daughter cells

Question 18

What happens during crossing-over?

Answer 18

the non-sister chromatids of a homologue pair exchange genetic material

Question 19

What occurs during Metaphase I?

Answer 19

the homologues are at the equator, prepared to move apart toward the poles. Each homologue pair acts independently, and either homologue can be facing either pole

Question 20

What happens during anaphase I?

Answer 20

the members of each homologue pair separate, and they move toward opposite poles. Now the nuclei will be haploid: they no longer have homologue pairs

Question 21

What happens during telophase I?

Answer 21

daughter cells have one homologue from each homologue pair

Question 22

What is interkinesis?

Answer 22

the period between meiosis I and meiosis II

Question 23

What is deletion?

Answer 23

the chromosome is shorter than usual because come portion is missing

Question 24

What is duplication?

Answer 24

the chromosome is longer than usual because some portion is present twice over

Question 25

What is inversion?

Answer 25

the chromosome is normal in length but some portion runs in the opposite direction

Question 26

What is translocation?

Answer 26

two chromosomes have switched portions, and each switched portion is on the wrong chromosome

Question 27

What is a syndrome?

Answer 27

characterized by a group of symptoms and conditions that always occur together