Cell Division - Meiosis

Question 1

Somatic cell

Answer 1

Diploid cell containing homologous chromosomes, making up the human body

Question 2

Sex cell

Answer 2

Refers to either the male or female gamete that is involved in fertalisation to produce a zygote

Question 3

Autosomes

Answer 3

All chromosomes besides the sex chromosomes

Question 4

Gonosome

Answer 4

Sex chromosomes, XY chromosomes

Question 5

Haploid

Answer 5

Having just one set of chromosomes i.e. the chromosomes are unpaired

Question 6

Diploid

Answer 6

Having a double set of chromosomes i.e. the chromosomes are paired

Question 7

Gametogenesis

Answer 7

The process by which gamete are produced from the germinal epithelium of the sex organs; it includes the process by which sports are produced(spermatogenesis) as well as the process by which eggs are produced(oogenesis)

Question 8

Homologous

Answer 8

Having similarity of structure and/or relative position because they arose by adaptive radiation from a common ancestor; also refers to identical chromosomes one of the maternal origin and the other from the paternal origin

Question 9

Chromosome

Answer 9

String-like structure found in the nucleus of dividing cells; formed from the chromatin network; contains the hereditary material DNA

Question 10

Chromatid

Answer 10

Half a chromosome; the two halves are held together by a centromere; these two halve have actually been formed from one chromosome by DNA replication

Question 11

Centromere

Answer 11

Structure that holds two chromatids of a chromosome together after DNA replication

Question 12

Centrosome

Answer 12

Structure in an animal cell that forms spindle threads during cell division

Question 13

Centrioles

Answer 13

Structures resulting from the splitting of the chromosome to form spindle threads during cell division

Question 14

Spindle threads

Answer 14

Structures that form between the centeioles during cell division for the attachment of chromium

Question 15

Crossing-over

Answer 15

A process that takes place in the first prophase of meiosis, involving the exchange of genetic material between members of each homologous pair of chromosomes

Question 16

Interphase

Answer 16

The stage in mitosis and meiosis during which DNA replication takes place; since most of the cell’s life is spent in this stage, it was originally thought to be a resting stage that occurred between mitotic or meiotic divisions

Question 17

Prophase

Answer 17

A phase in mitosis and meiosis during which the chromatin network unwinds to form district chromosomes

Question 18

Metaphase

Answer 18

A phase in mitosis and meiosis I’m which chromosomes become arranged along the equator in homologous pairs

Question 19

Anaphase

Answer 19

Phase in mitosis and meiosis during which chromatids or whole chromosomes are pulled towards the poles

Question 20

Telophase

Answer 20

The last stage in mitosis/meiosis

Question 21

Chiasma

Answer 21

A point at which the chromatids of homologous chromosomes cross-over during the first prophase of meiosis

Question 22

Non-disjunction

Answer 22

A mistake in the process of meiosis or mitosis in which both members of a pair of homologous chromosomes, or sister chromatids, fail to sperate

Question 23

Aneuploidy

Answer 23

A mistake in the process of meiosis causing one gamete to receive two chromosomes, while the other gamete receives no chromosomes because of non-disjunction(non-speration) of sister chromatids during Anaphase 2 of meiosis

Question 24

Monosomic

Answer 24

Having only one copy of a particular chromosome instead of two; usually created by non-disjunction during meiosis

Question 25

Trisomic

Answer 25

Possessing three copies of a particular chromosome instead of two

Question 26

Down syndrome

Answer 26

Genetic disorder characterised by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome number 21 due to non-disjunction during meiosis

Question 27

Amniocentesis

Answer 27

The process by which amniotic fluid, which contains cells of the embryo, are drawn out of the uterus and studied to see if the unborn baby has any disorders

Question 28

Karyotype

Answer 28

The number, shape and arrangement of all the chromosomes in the nucleus of a somatic cell

Question 29

Polyploidy

Answer 29

A condition whereby each cell in a plant or animal has more than a diploid set of chromosomes

Question 30

DNA replication

Answer 30

Process by which a single stranded chromosome becomes double stranded

Question 31

Anaphase 1

Answer 31

Phase in meiosis in which chromosomes are pulled apart

Question 32

Anaphase 2

Answer 32

Phase in meiosis in which chromatids are pulled apart

Question 33

Interphase

Answer 33

Phase during which DNA replication takes place

Question 34

Metaphase 1

Answer 34

Phase in meiosis in which chromosomes line up at the equator in pairs

Question 35

Metaphase 2

Answer 35

Phase in meiosis in which chromosomes are arranged singly at the equator

Question 36

Prophase 1

Answer 36

Phase in meiosis in which crossing-over occurs

Question 37

Telophase 1

Answer 37

Phase in meiosis in which two cells are formed having half the chromosomes complement as the original

Question 38

Telophase 2

Answer 38

Phase in meiosis in which four cells are formed having half the chromosomes complement as the original cell

Question 39

Mitosis

Answer 39

Cell division producing identical cells

Question 40

Meiosis

Answer 40

The type of cell division that results in halving of the chromosome number. Cell division producing daughter cells that are dissimilar