Cell Division And Growth Flashcards
What does mitosis produce?
Two identical cells
What must happen before a cell divides?
New copies of each chromosome must be made
What are unspecialised cells called?
Stem cells
When do animal cells tend to differentiate?
Early in development
What can plants do in terms of cell differentiation different to animal cells?
They maintain the ability it differentiate through out their lives
What do the chromosomes contain?
Genes (alleles)
What process do cells produced by asexual reproduction undergo?
Mitosis
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What is a gene?
A section of DNA
What does a gene do?
Each gene codes for a particular combination of amino acids which make a specific protein
How many chromosomes does each human cell have?
23 pairs (46 overall)
What do the new cells created by mitosis have?
The same number of chromosomes as the original cell
When does mitosis occur?
In all organisms, when they need to grow or replace damaged cells.
What is the first step of mitosis
The DNA needs to duplicate
What happens after the DNA is duplicated in mitosis?
The chromosomes then line up in the centre of the cell and spindle fibres pull the arms of the chromosomes apart. The 2 arms then go to opposite ends of the cell
What happens after the chromosomes are pulled apart?
Membranes form around the new sets if chromosomes, which will become the nuclei of the new cells
What happens last in mitosis?
Finally the cytoplasm divides, leaving 2 identical cells
What is mitosis an example of?
Asexual reproduction
What is the definition of mitosis?
Asexual cell division where two identical cells are produced
Does mitosis produce variation?
No as each spell produced has identical genes to the parent
What is cell division necessary for?
The growth of an organism and repair of damaged tissue
