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Biology 30 - Unit C > Cell Division > Flashcards

Cell Division Flashcards

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1
Q

How is DNA organized?

A

DNA is organized into segments called chromosomes

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2
Q

What is the name of body cells, other than sex cells?

A

somatic cells

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3
Q

Are somatic cells diploid (2n) or haploid (n)?

A

Diploid

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4
Q

For humans, how many chromosome PAIRS are in a somatic cell?

A

23 pairs

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5
Q

What are autosomes?

A

Autosomes are homologous chromosomes

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6
Q

How many pairs of autosomes are in each somatic cell? What is the last pair?

A

22 pairs of autosomes. The last pair is the sex chromosomes

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7
Q

How is an allele different from a gene?

A

A gene is the variable (hair colour or eye colour), an allele is the variant (blue eyes vs brown eyes).

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8
Q

What is the middle connected part of two chromatids called?

A

centromere

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9
Q

What is an individual’s chromosomes set called?

A

a karyotype

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10
Q

For each of your 23 pairs of chromosomes, where does each chromosome come from?

A

One comes from the mother and one comes from the father

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11
Q

During which stage are chromosomes most clearly visible?

A

metaphase

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12
Q

What are the two major types of cell division?

A

Mitosis and Meiosis

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13
Q

What is the end product of mitosis?

A

Two identical daughter cells

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14
Q

What is the end product of meiosis?

A

4 gametes

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15
Q

What are the two main phases of the cell cycle? Which one is longer?

A

Interphase and mitotic phase

Interphase is much longer

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16
Q

What is interphase?

A

Interphase is the bulk of the cell cycle. It is the stage at which DNA replication occurs.

17
Q

Why is DNA replication necessary?

A

DNA replication is necessary because each daughter cell requires a full set of chromosomes (for somatic cells) so the DNA must multiply before the cell can divide in order to produce two cells with the same DNA.

18
Q

What subphases are included in interphase?

A

G1, S, G2

19
Q

What subphases are included in the mitotic phase?

A

mitosis and cytokinesis

20
Q

What is the difference between mitosis and cytokinesis?

A

Mitosis is the division of the genetic material while cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm

Biology 30 - Unit C (1 decks)

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