Cell Division Flashcards
How is DNA organized?
DNA is organized into segments called chromosomes
What is the name of body cells, other than sex cells?
somatic cells
Are somatic cells diploid (2n) or haploid (n)?
Diploid
For humans, how many chromosome PAIRS are in a somatic cell?
23 pairs
What are autosomes?
Autosomes are homologous chromosomes
How many pairs of autosomes are in each somatic cell? What is the last pair?
22 pairs of autosomes. The last pair is the sex chromosomes
How is an allele different from a gene?
A gene is the variable (hair colour or eye colour), an allele is the variant (blue eyes vs brown eyes).
What is the middle connected part of two chromatids called?
centromere
What is an individual’s chromosomes set called?
a karyotype
For each of your 23 pairs of chromosomes, where does each chromosome come from?
One comes from the mother and one comes from the father
During which stage are chromosomes most clearly visible?
metaphase
What are the two major types of cell division?
Mitosis and Meiosis
What is the end product of mitosis?
Two identical daughter cells
What is the end product of meiosis?
4 gametes
What are the two main phases of the cell cycle? Which one is longer?
Interphase and mitotic phase
Interphase is much longer
What is interphase?
Interphase is the bulk of the cell cycle. It is the stage at which DNA replication occurs.
Why is DNA replication necessary?
DNA replication is necessary because each daughter cell requires a full set of chromosomes (for somatic cells) so the DNA must multiply before the cell can divide in order to produce two cells with the same DNA.
What subphases are included in interphase?
G1, S, G2
What subphases are included in the mitotic phase?
mitosis and cytokinesis
What is the difference between mitosis and cytokinesis?
Mitosis is the division of the genetic material while cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm
