Cell Division Flashcards
Why Divide?
Reproduction, Growth, Repair
DNA is:
Replicated and packaged as dense chromosomes.
Anaphase
The fourth stage of mitosis. When sister chromatids seperate from each other and end when a complete set of sister chromosomes arrives at each of the two poles of the cell.
Anchorage Dependance
The requirement that to divide, a cell must be attached to a solid surface.
Asexual Reproduction
The creation of offspring by a single parent, without the participation of sperm and egg.
Autosome
A chromosome not directly involved in determining the sex of an organism.
Benign Tumor
An abnormal mass of cells that remains at its original site in the body.
Binary Fission
A means of asexual reproduction in which a parent organism, often a single cell divides into two individuals of equal size.
Cell Cycle
An ordered sequence of events that extends from the time a eukaryotic cell is first formed a dividing parent cell until its own division into two cells.
Cell Cycle Control System
A cyclically operating set of proteins that triggers and coordinates events in the eukaryotic cell cycle.
Cell Division
The reproduction of a cell.
Cell Plate
A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell, between which the new cell wall forms during cytokinesis.
Centromere
The region of a duplicated chromosome where two sister chromatids are joined and where spindle microtubules attach during mitosis and meiosis. The centromere divides at the onset of anaphase during mitosis and anaphase 2 during meiosis.
Centrosome
Material in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that gives rise to microtubules; important in mitosis and meiosis.
Chromatin
The complex of DNA and proteins that constitutes eukaryotic chromosomes; often used to refer to the diffuse, very extended form taken by chromosomes when a cell is not dividing.
Chromosome
A threadlike, gene carrying structure found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell and most visible during mitosis and meiosis; also main gene carrying structure of a prokaryotic cell.
Cytokinesis
The division of the cytoplasm to form two seperate daughter cells. Cytokinesis usually occurs during telophase of mitosis.
Deletion
The loss of one or more nucleotides from a gene by mutation; the loss of a fragment of a chromosome.
Diploid Cell
In an organism that reproduces sexually, a cell containing two homologous sets of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent. A 2n cell.
Duplication
Repetition of part of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome; can result from an error in meiosis or mutagenesis.
