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Biology- Year 10 Revision Interphase > Cell Division > Flashcards

Cell Division Flashcards

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1
Q

List the stages of the cell cycle (mitosis)

A 
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
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2
Q

What happens during interphase?

A

DNA replication & increase in organelles

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3
Q

What happens during prophase?

A

Chromosomes condense, and nuclear membrane breaks down

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4
Q

What happens during metaphase?

A

Chromosomes line up at the equator

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5
Q

What happens during anaphase?

A

Spindle fibres attach to the centromeres and pull chromosomes to opposite poles

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6
Q

What happens during telophase?

A

Cytokinesis occurs and then the nuclear membrane reforms

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7
Q

Why is mitosis important for an organism?

A

Growth

Repair

Asexual reproduction

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8
Q

What is made at the end of mitosis?

A

Two diploid, genetically identical, daughter cells

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9
Q

Why do some organisms rely on asexual reproduction?

A

It makes genetically identical individuals very quickly to colonise and area.

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10
Q

What is cancer

A

A FUCKING BITCH!!

Real definition:

Uncontrolled mitosis forming a mass of abnormal cells (a tumour)

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11
Q

Define growth.

A

An increase in cell number and size or mass.

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12
Q

What is a stem cell?

A

An undifferentiated cell

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13
Q

Which measurements are usually recorded to check the growth of a baby?

A

Length, mass and head circumference.

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14
Q

A baby is measured and is said to be on the 75th percentile. What does this mean?

A

75% of babies of that age are lighter and 25% are heavier

Fat bby!

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15
Q

What might cause a baby to veer off a percentile line on a growth chart?

A

Obesity

Malnutrition

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16
Q

What happens to plant cells during elongation?

A

The vacuoles fill with water, lengthening the cell before the cell wall hardens.

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17
Q

How is the structure of the ciliated epithelial cell related to its function?

A

Cilia waft mucus away from the lungs

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18
Q

How is the structure of a sperm cell related to its function?

A

Tail so it can move

Lots of mitochondria for energy

Acrosome enzymes to penetrate the egg

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19
Q

Name specialise plant cell responsible for photosynthesis

A

Palisade cell

20
Q

Name a specialised plant cell responsible for absorbing water.

A

Root hair cell

21
Q

Which tissue in plants contain stem cells?

A

The meristems

22
Q

What is very special about embryonic stem cells?

A

They have the potential to differentiate into all different types of cell

23
Q

Where are adult stem cells found?

A

Bone marrow

24
Q

Why are adult stem cells less useful than embryonic ones?

A

They have the potential to become only a limited variety of specialised cells.

25
Q

Which specialised plant tissue is responsible for transporting water?

A

Xylem

26
Q

Which specialised plant tissue is responsible for transporting sugars?

A

Phloem

27
Q

Suggest three risks from Stella gem therapy.

A

Tumours

Diseases

Rejection

28
Q

What is the usual effect of damage to the spinal cord?

A

Paralysis

29
Q

List the component of the stimulus response pathway.

A 
Stimulus 
Receptor
Sensory neurone
CNS
Motor neurone
Effector
Response
30
Q

Which neurone takes an impulse form the CNS to the effector?

A

Motor neurone

31
Q

Which neurone takes an impulse from the receptor to the CNS?

A

Sensory neurone

32
Q

Which neurone carries messages within the CNS

A

Relay neurone

33
Q

What is an effector

A

A muscle or a gland

34
Q

What is meant by reaction time

A

The time it takes to respond to a stimulus

35
Q

What does a receptor do?

A

Response to a stimulus

36
Q

Name a receptor in the skin

A

Pain
Temperature
Pressure
Receptor

37
Q

Where to axons carry impulses

A

Away from the cell body

38
Q

Dendrites and dendrons carry impulses where?

A

Toward the cell body

39
Q

What is the myelin sheath for on some axons?

A

Insulation

To speed up neurotransmission

40
Q

Why are neurones long?

A

To speed up transmission of impulses and to connect with many other cells

41
Q

What is the gap between two neurones called

A

A synapse

42
Q

What diffuses across a synapse?

A

Neurotransmitters

43
Q

Do synapses slow down or speed up impulses

A

Slow them down

44
Q

Define a reflex

A

A fast, automatic protective response

45
Q

Which part of the CNS is often missed out in a reflex in order to speed up the response time

A

The brain

46
Q

Why is the use of embryonic stem cells controversial

A

The cell may have had the potential for human life

47
Q

Suggest an ethical reason for the use of embryonic stem cells in medicine.

A

To cure diseases and prevent suffering.

Biology- Year 10 Revision Interphase (1 decks)

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