Cell Division Flashcards
What is the smallest unit of life?
Cell
What is the biggest organelle of a eukaryotic cell?
Nucleus
What is found in nucleus?
DNA
What is DNA and what does it stand for?
DNA contains genetic material and it stands for Deoxyribonucleicacid
What does DNA look like inside the Nucleus?
DNA looks like a double stranded ladder and jumbles up like a ball of yarn.
What is genetic material?
Genetic material are genes or traits that can be passed on from parents to offspring.
How does DNA grow, develop, and reproduce?
DNA reproduces through stages called Interphase and Mitosis
What happens during Interphase?
Interphase is when DNA develops and goes through replication.
What does Replication mean?
Copy or Duplicate.
What happens during Replication?
DNA replicates itself and wraps up tightly and neatly into a chromatid.
What is a chromatid?
A DNA that is neatly wrapped up ( Two Chromatin/ singular: chromatids).
What is a chromosome?
When DNA wraps around a protein, it is called a chromosome.
How many chromosomes do humans have?
Humans have 46 chromosomes/ 23 pairs of chromosomes.
How many chromosomes does each parent pass on their offspring?
23 chromosomes come from each parent.
Each segment of a DNA is known as a what?
Gene.
What does a gene contain?
Genetic traits.
What happens during Mitosis?
During Mitosis, chromosomes go through 5 phases.
What are the 5 phases of mitosis?
Phase 1 is Prophase, Phase 2 is Metaphase, Phase 3 is Anaphase, Phase 4 is Telophase, Phase 5 is Cytokinesis.
What happens during phase 1?
Phase 1: Prophase- chromosomes appear.
What happens during phase 2?
Phase 2: Metaphase-chromosomes line up.
What happens during phase 3?
Phase 3: Anaphase-chromosomes separate.
What happens during phase 4?
Phase 4: Telophase-chromosomes pinch.
What happens during phase 5?
Phase 5: Cytokinesis- two new daughter cells form.
How many chromosomes do humans sex cells have?
23 chromosomes in each sex cell(egg or sperm).
How many chromosomes does human body cells have?
46 chromosomes in each cell.
What do you call a cell with a full set of chromosomes(46)?
A Diploid cell.
What do you call a cell with half a set of chromosomes(23)?
A Haploid cell
Do bacteria cells go through Mitosis like the eukaryotic cells?
No, bacteria do not have a nucleus.
How do bacteria cells divide?
Bacteria cells split in half called Binary Fission.
Why do our body cells divide?
Our body cells divide to replace dead cells, to grow, and to develop.
What is the name of the DNA backbone called?
Sugar phosphate.
Name all 4 of the DNA bases.
Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine, and Adenine
What DNA base pairs with Thymine, and Guanine?
Guanine and Cytosine and Thymine and Adenine.
