cell division Flashcards
what is the smallest unit of life
cell
what is the biggest organelle of a eukaryotic cell
A nucleus
what is found in the nucleus
DNA
what is DNA and what does it stand for
DNA contains genetic material and it stands for DEOXY RIBO NUCLEIC ACID
what does DNA look like inside a nucleus
DNA looks like a double stranded of ladder and jumble up like a ball of yarn
what is genetic material
Genetic material are genes or traits that can be passed on from parents to offspring
How does DNA grow and develop and reproduce
DNA reproduce through stages called INTERPHASE AND MITOSIS
what happens during INTERPHASE
INTERPHASE is when DNA develops and goes through replication
WHAT does REPLICATION mean
copy or duplicate
what happens during REPLICATION
DNA replicates itself and wrap up tightly and neatly into chromatid
What is a chromatid
A DNA that is neatly wrap up (TWO CHROMATIN/singular: chromatids)
what is a CHROMOSOME
when DNA wraps around a protiens it is called a CHROMOSOME
How many chromosomes do humans have
humans have 46 chromosomes
How many chromosomes does each parent pass on to their offspring
23 chromosomes from each parent
Each segment of DNA is known as a what
Gene
what does a gene contain
Genetic traits
What happens during mitosis
During mitosis chromosomes go through 5 phrases
what are the 5 phrases of mitosis
Ph 1: PROPHASE; Ph 2: METAPHASE; Ph 3: ANAPHASE; Ph 4: TELOPHASE; Ph 5: Cytokinesis
What happens during each phase
Phase 1: PROPHASE-chromosomes appear
What happens during each phase
Phase 2: METAPHASE-chromosomes line up
what happens during each phase
Phase 3: ANAPHASE-chromosomes separate
What happens during each phase
Phase 4: TELOPHASE-chromosomes pinch
What happens during each phase
Phase 5: Cytokinesis - two new daughter cells form
How many chromosomes do humans sex cells have
23 chromosomes in each sex cells (egg or sperm)
how many chromosomes do humans body cells have
46 chromosomes in each cells
What do you call a cell with a full set of chromosomes
A DIPLOID cell
What do you call a cell with a half set of chromosomes
A haploid cell
Do bacteria cell go through mitosis
No bacteria do not have nucleus
How do bacteria cells divide
bacteria cells split in half called BINARY FISSION
why do our body cells divide
our body cells divide to replace dead cells to grow to develop
What is the name of the DNA backbone called
sugar phosphate
Name all 4 of the DNA bases
Guanine; Cytosine; Thymine; Adenine
What DNA base pairs with Thymine? And Guanine?
Guanine=Cytosine Thymine=Adenine
