CELL DIVISION Flashcards
What is the smallest unit of life?
Cell
What is the biggest organelle of a eukaryotic cell?
A nucleus
What is found in the nucleus?
DNA
What is DNA and what does it stand for?
DNA contains genetic material and it stands for DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID
What does DNA look like inside a nucleus?
DNA looks like a double stranded ladder and jumble up like a ball of yarn.
What is genetic material?
Genetic material are genes or traits that can be passed on from parents to offspring.
How does DNA grow and develop and reproduce?
DNA reproduce through stages called INTERPHASE and MITOSIS.
What happens during INTERPHASE?
INTERPHASE is when DNA develops and goes through replication.
What does replication mean?
Copy or duplicate.
What is a chromatid?
A DNA that is neatly wrapped up (TWO chromatin/singular: chromatids)
What happens during replication?
DNA replicates itself and wraps up tightly and neatly into chromatid.
What is a chromosome?
When DNA wraps around a protein, it is called a chromosome.
How many chromosomes do humans have?
Humans have 46 chromosomes.
Each segment of DNA is known as a what?
Gene.
How many chromosomes does each parent pass on to their offspring?
23 chromosomes from each parent.
What happens during mitosis?
During mitosis, Chromosomes go through 5 phases.
What does gene contain?
Genetic traits.
What are 5 phases of mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis.
What happens during each phase?
Phase 1: PROPHASE-chromosomes appear
What happens during each phase?
Phase 2: Metaphase-chromosomes line up
What happens during each phase?
Phase 3: Anaphase-chromosomes separate
What happens during each phase?
Phase 4: Telophase-chromosomes pinch
What happens during each phase?
Phase 5: Cytokinesis-two new daughter cells form
How many chromosomes do humans sex cells have?
23 chromosomes in each sex cell (egg or sperm)
