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Science - period 1 > Cell Division > Flashcards

Cell Division Flashcards

1
Q

What is the smallest unit of life?

A

Cell

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2
Q

What is the biggest organelle of a eukaryotic cell?

A

A nucleus

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3
Q

What is found in the nucleus

A

DNA

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4
Q

What is DNA and what does it stand for

A

DNA contains genetic material and it stands for DEOXY RIBO NUCLEIC ACID.

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5
Q

What does DNA look like inside a nucleus?

A

DNA looks like a double stranded ladder and jumple up like a ball of yarn.

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6
Q

What is genetic material

A

Genetic material are genes or traits that can be passed on from parents to offspring.

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7
Q

How does DNA grow and develop and reproduce

A

DNA reproduce through stages called INTERPHASE AND MITOSIS

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8
Q

What happens during INTERPHASE?

A

INTERPHASE is when DNA develops and goes through replication.

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9
Q

What does REPLICATION mean?

A

Copy or duplicate

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10
Q

What happens during REPLICATION?

A

DNA replicates itself and wraps up tightly and neatly into chromatid

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11
Q

What is a chromatid?

A

A DNA that is neatly wrapped up (TWO CHROMATIN/singular: chromatids)

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12
Q

What is a CHROMOSOME?

A

When DNA wraps around a protein, it is called a chromosome.

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13
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have?

A

Humans have 46 chromosomes.

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14
Q

How many chromosomes does each parent pass on to their offspring?

A

23 chromosomes from each parent

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15
Q

Each segment of DNA is known as a what?

A

Gene

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16
Q

What does a gene contain?

A

Genetic traits

17
Q

What happens during MITOSIS?

A

During Mitosis, Chromosomes go through 5 phases

18
Q

What are the 5 phases of Mitosis?

A

Ph 1: PROPHASE; Ph 2: METAPHASE; Ph 3: ANAPHASE; Ph 4: TELOPHASE; Ph 5: CYTOKINESIS

19
Q

What happens during phase 1?

A

Prophase - chromosomes appear

20
Q

What happens during phase 2?

A

Metaphase - chromosomes line up

21
Q

What happens during phase 3?

A

Anaphase - chromosomes separate

22
Q

What happens during phase 4?

A

Telophase - chromosomes pinch

23
Q

What happens during phase 5?

A

Cytokinesis - two new daughter cells form

24
Q

How many chromosomes do humans sex cells have?

A

23 chromosomes in each sex cells (egg or sperm)

25
Q

How many chromosomes do humans body cells have?

A

46 chromosomes in each cells

26
Q

What do you call a cell with a full set of chromosomes (46)

A

A DIPLOID cell

27
Q

What do you call a cell with a half set of chromosomes (23)

A

A HAPLOID cell

28
Q

Do bacteria cells go through mitosis like the eukaryotic cells?

A

No, bacteria do not have a nucleus.

29
Q

How do bacteria cells divide?

A

Bacteria cells split in half called BINARY FISSION.

30
Q

Why do our body cells divide

A

Our body cells divide to replace dead cells, to grow, to develop

31
Q

What is the name of the DNA backbone called ?

A

Sugar and phosphate

32
Q

Name all 4 of the DNA bases

A

Guanine; Cytosine; Thymine; Adenine

33
Q

What DNA base pairs with Thymine? And Guanine?

A

Guanine= Cytosine Thymine= Adenine

Science - period 1 (2 decks)

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